在派生类中引发基类事件

在基类中声明可以从派生类引发的事件的标准方法。此模式广泛应用于.Net Framework类库中的Windows窗体类。

我们来看一个Button类的定义

  public class Button : ButtonBase, IButtonControl  {   protected override void OnClick(EventArgs e); //override基类的事件触发程序  }

我们通过ButtonBase最后找到基类Control

public class Control : Component, IDropTarget, ISynchronizeInvoke, IWin32Window, IArrangedElement, IBindableComponent, IComponent, IDisposable{  public event EventHandler Click;  //基类中定义事件  protected virtual void OnClick(EventArgs e);//protected封装事件触发程序，允许继承类调用或重写}

在包含事件的基类中创建一个受保护的调用方法。通过调用或重写方法，派生类便可以间接调用该事件。

我们来看一个例子：

namespace BaseClassEvents{    //Special EventArgs class to hold info about Shapes.  public class ShapeEventArgs:EventArgs  {    private double newArea;    public ShapeEventArgs (double d)    {      newArea = d;    }    public double NewArea    {      get      {        return newArea;      }    }  }  //Declare a delegate  public delegate void CustomEventHandler(object sender, ShapeEventArgs e);  //Base class event publisher  public abstract class Shape  {    protected double area;    public double Area    {      get      {        return area;      }      set      {        area = value;      }    }    //raise an event    public event CustomEventHandler ShapeChanged;    public abstract void Draw();    //event-invoking method    protected virtual void OnShapeChanged(ShapeEventArgs e)    {      if(ShapeChanged !=null)      {        ShapeChanged(this, e);      }    }  }  public class Circle:Shape  {    private double radius;    public Circle (double d)    {      radius = d;      area = 3.14 * radius * radius;    }    public void Update(double d)    {      radius = d;      area = 3.14 * radius * radius;      OnShapeChanged(new ShapeEventArgs(area));    }    protected override void OnShapeChanged(ShapeEventArgs e)    {      base.OnShapeChanged(e);    }    public override void Draw()    {      Console.WriteLine("Drawing a circle");    }  }  public class Rectangle:Shape  {    private double length;    private double width;    public Rectangle (double length,double width)    {      this.length = length;      this.width = width;      area = length * width;    }    public void Update(double length,double width)    {      this.length = length;      this.width = width;      area = length * width;      OnShapeChanged(new ShapeEventArgs(area));    }    protected override void OnShapeChanged(ShapeEventArgs e)    {      base.OnShapeChanged(e);    }    public override void Draw()    {      Console.WriteLine("Drawing a rectangle");    }  }  //Subscriber  //Represents the surface on which the shapes are drawn  //Subscibes to shape events so that it knows  //when to redraw a shape  public class ShapeContainer  {    List<Shape> _list;    public ShapeContainer ()    {      _list = new List<Shape>();    }    public void AddShape(Shape s)    {      _list.Add(s);      //Subscribe to the base class event.      s.ShapeChanged += HandleShapeChanged;    }    private void HandleShapeChanged(object sender,ShapeEventArgs e)    {      Shape s = (Shape)sender;      Console.WriteLine("Received event. Shape area is now {0}", e.NewArea);      s.Draw();    }  }  class Program  {    static void Main(string[] args)    {      //Create the event publishers and subscriber      Circle c1 = new Circle(54);      Rectangle r1 = new Rectangle(12, 9);      ShapeContainer sc = new ShapeContainer();      //Add the shapes to the container      sc.AddShape(c1);      sc.AddShape(r1);      //Cause some events to be raised      c1.Update(57);      r1.Update(7, 7);      Console.ReadKey();    }  }}

原标题：在派生类中引发基类事件

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