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App开发流程之右滑返回手势功能

iOS7以后,导航控制器,自带了从屏幕左边缘右滑返回的手势功能。

但是,如果自定义了导航栏返回按钮,这项功能就失效了,需要自行实现。又如果需要修改手势触发范围,还是需要自行实现。

广泛应用的一种实现方案是,采用私有变量和Api,完成手势交互和返回功能,自定义手势触发条件和额外功能。

另一种实现方案是,采用UINavigationController的代理方法实现交互和动画:

- (nullable id <UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning>)navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController

                          interactionControllerForAnimationController:(id <UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>) animationController NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);

 

- (nullable id <UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>)navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController

                                   animationControllerForOperation:(UINavigationControllerOperation)operation

                                                fromViewController:(UIViewController *)fromVC

                                                  toViewController:(UIViewController *)toVC  NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);

前者,特点是便捷,但是只能使用系统定义的交互和动画;后者,特点是高度自定义,但是需要额外实现交互协议和动画协议。

 

采用私有变量和Api,实现右滑返回手势功能。

先看最核心的逻辑:

- (void)base_pushViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController animated:(BOOL)animated{  if (![self.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.view.gestureRecognizers containsObject:self.base_panGestureRecognizer]) {    [self.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.view addGestureRecognizer:self.base_panGestureRecognizer];        //使用KVC获取私有变量和Api,实现系统原生的pop手势效果    NSArray *internalTargets = [self.interactivePopGestureRecognizer valueForKey:@"targets"];    id internalTarget = [internalTargets.firstObject valueForKey:@"target"];    SEL internalAction = NSSelectorFromString(@"handleNavigationTransition:");    self.base_panGestureRecognizer.delegate = [self base_panGestureRecognizerDelegateObject];    [self.base_panGestureRecognizer addTarget:internalTarget action:internalAction];        self.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.enabled = NO;  }    [self base_setupViewControllerBasedNavigationBarAppearanceIfNeeded:viewController];    if (![self.viewControllers containsObject:viewController]) {    [self base_pushViewController:viewController animated:animated];  }}

 

UINavigationController的interactivePopGestureRecognizer属性,是系统专用于将viewController弹出导航栈的手势识别对象,有一个私有变量名为“targets”,类似为NSArray;该数组第一个元素对象,有一个私有变量名为“target”,即为实现预期交互的对象;该对象有一个私有方法名为“handleNavigationTransition:”,即为目标方法。

在返回手势交互的UIView(self.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.view)上添加一个自定义的UIPanGestureRecognizer,利用其delegate对象实现的代理方法gestureRecognizerShouldBegin来控制手势生效条件。最后禁用系统的返回手势识别对象,就可以用自定义实现的pan手势来调用系统的pop交互和动画。

判断pan手势是否能触发返回操作的代码如下:

-(BOOL)gestureRecognizerShouldBegin:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer{  //正在转场  if ([[self.navigationController valueForKey:@"_isTransitioning"] boolValue]) {    return NO;  }    //在导航控制器的根控制器界面  if (self.navigationController.viewControllers.count <= 1) {    return NO;  }    UIViewController *popedController = [self.navigationController.viewControllers lastObject];    if (popedController.base_popGestureDisabled) {    return NO;  }    //满足有效手势范围  CGPoint beginningLocation = [gestureRecognizer locationInView:gestureRecognizer.view];  CGFloat popGestureEffectiveDistanceFromLeftEdge = popedController.base_popGestureEffectiveDistanceFromLeftEdge;    if (popGestureEffectiveDistanceFromLeftEdge > 0    && beginningLocation.x > popGestureEffectiveDistanceFromLeftEdge) {    return NO;  }    //右滑手势  UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGesture = (UIPanGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer;  CGPoint transition = [panGesture translationInView:panGesture.view];    if (transition.x <= 0) {    return NO;  }    return YES;}

 

其中navigationController还使用了私有变量“_isTransitioning”,用于判断交互是否正在进行中。

 

为了使过场动画过程中,导航栏的交互动画自然,需要在UIViewController的viewWillAppear方法中,通过swizzle方法调用导航栏显示或隐藏的动画方法,所以需要增加一个延迟执行的代码块:

- (void)base_setupViewControllerBasedNavigationBarAppearanceIfNeeded:(UIViewController *)appearingViewController{  //如果navigationController不显示导航栏,直接return  if (self.navigationBarHidden) {    return;  }    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;  ViewControllerViewWillAppearDelayBlock block = ^(UIViewController *viewController, BOOL animated) {    __strong typeof(weakSelf) strongSelf = weakSelf;    if (strongSelf) {      [strongSelf setNavigationBarHidden:viewController.base_currentNavigationBarHidden animated:animated];    }  };    appearingViewController.viewWillAppearDelayBlock = block;  UIViewController *disappearingViewController = self.viewControllers.lastObject;  if (disappearingViewController && !disappearingViewController.viewWillAppearDelayBlock) {    disappearingViewController.viewWillAppearDelayBlock = block;  }}

 

实现完整的分类的过程中,使用了一些运行时类型和方法。

1.引用头文件#import <objc/runtime.h>

2.为分类增加属性,涉及到了如下方法:

void objc_setAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy)

id objc_getAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key)

例如UIViewController (PopGesture)中增加的属性base_currentNavigationBarHidden的get/set方法:

- (BOOL)base_currentNavigationBarHidden{  NSNumber *number = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, _cmd);  if (number) {    return number.boolValue;  }    self.base_currentNavigationBarHidden = NO;  return NO;}- (void)setBase_currentNavigationBarHidden:(BOOL)hidden{  self.canUseViewWillAppearDelayBlock = YES;    objc_setAssociatedObject(self, @selector(base_currentNavigationBarHidden), @(hidden), OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);}

 

第一个参数一般为self。

第二个参数const void *key,要求传入一个地址。

可以声明一个static char *key;或者static NSString *key;,赋值与否并不重要,因为需要的只是地址,参数为&key。

而上述代码中使用了_cmd和@selector,作用是一样的。_cmd返回的是当前方法的SEL,@selector也是返回目标方法的SEL,即是函数地址。

第三个参数即是关联的值。

第四个参数policy,为枚举类型,基本对应属性引用相关的关键字:

typedef OBJC_ENUM(uintptr_t, objc_AssociationPolicy) {  OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN = 0,      /**< Specifies a weak reference to the associated object. */  OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC = 1, /**< Specifies a strong reference to the associated object.                       *  The association is not made atomically. */  OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC = 3,  /**< Specifies that the associated object is copied.                       *  The association is not made atomically. */  OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN = 01401,    /**< Specifies a strong reference to the associated object.                      *  The association is made atomically. */  OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY = 01403     /**< Specifies that the associated object is copied.                      *  The association is made atomically. */};

 

3.理解其他的一些运行时类型或方法

typedef struct objc_method *Method;//An opaque type that represents a method in a class definition.

Method class_getInstanceMethod(Class cls, SEL name) //返回实例方法

Method class_getClassMethod(Class cls, SEL name) //返回类方法

IMP method_getImplementation(Method m) //Returns the implementation of a method.

const char *method_getTypeEncoding(Method m) //Returns a string describing a method's parameter and return types.

BOOL class_addMethod(Class cls, SEL name, IMP imp, const char *types) //Adds a new method to a class with a given name and implementation.

IMP class_replaceMethod(Class cls, SEL name, IMP imp, const char *types) //Replaces the implementation of a method for a given class.

void method_exchangeImplementations(Method m1, Method m2) //Exchanges the implementations of two methods.

 

以上方法,可以达到swizzle方法的目的,将分类中新增方法与已有旧的方法交换函数地址,可以作为完全替换(因为运行时,执行的方法名称仍然为viewWillAppear:,但是指向新增方法地址),也可以在新增方法代码中调用当前的方法名称(交换后,当前的方法名称指向旧方法地址)。例如UIViewController中的下列代码:

+(void)load{  __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;    static dispatch_once_t once;  dispatch_once(&once, ^{    [weakSelf swizzleOriginalSelector:@selector(viewWillAppear:) withNewSelector:@selector(base_viewWillAppear:)];        [weakSelf swizzleOriginalSelector:@selector(viewDidDisappear:) withNewSelector:@selector(base_viewDidDisappear:)];  });}+(void)swizzleOriginalSelector:(SEL)originalSelector withNewSelector:(SEL)newSelector{  Class selfClass = [self class];    Method originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(selfClass, originalSelector);  Method newMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(selfClass, newSelector);    IMP originalIMP = method_getImplementation(originalMethod);  IMP newIMP = method_getImplementation(newMethod);    //先用新的IMP加到原始SEL中  BOOL addSuccess = class_addMethod(selfClass, originalSelector, newIMP, method_getTypeEncoding(newMethod));  if (addSuccess) {    class_replaceMethod(selfClass, newSelector, originalIMP, method_getTypeEncoding(originalMethod));  }else{    method_exchangeImplementations(originalMethod, newMethod);  }}-(void)base_viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated{  [self base_viewWillAppear:animated];    if (self.canUseViewWillAppearDelayBlock    && self.viewWillAppearDelayBlock) {    self.viewWillAppearDelayBlock(self, animated);  }    if (self.transitionCoordinator) {    [self.transitionCoordinator notifyWhenInteractionEndsUsingBlock:^(id<UIViewControllerTransitionCoordinatorContext> _Nonnull context) {      if ([context isCancelled]) {        self.base_isBeingPoped = NO;      }    }];  }}

 

特别说明:

A.+load静态方法将在此分类加入运行时调用(Invoked whenever a class or category is added to the Objective-C runtime),执行顺序在该类自己的+load方法之后。

 

B.如果在使用中未明确设置base_currentNavigationBarHidden,canUseViewWillAppearDelayBlock则为NO,因为我封装的父类中提供了类似功能,所以不需要开启分类中同样的功能。该功能目的是提供给直接集成分类的朋友。

C.UIViewController的transitionCoordinator属性,在当前界面有过场交互时候,该属性有值。并且在交互结束时候,可以回调一个block,以告知过场交互的状态和相关属性。这里声明了一个属性base_isBeingPoped,用于标记当前视图控制器是否正在被pop出导航栈,如果交互取消了,置为NO,最终可以在viewDidDisappear:方法中判断并执行一些操作。

 

使用UINavigationController的代理方法来实现高度自定义的方案,下次再更新记录。

 

base项目已更新:git@github.com:ALongWay/base.git






原标题:App开发流程之右滑返回手势功能

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