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Hive(七):HQL DML

      HQL DML 主要涉到对Hive表中数据操作,包含有:load、INSERT、DELETE、EXPORT and IMPORT,详细资料参见:https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+DML

目录:

  • Loading files into tables
  • Inserting data into Hive Tables from queries
  • Writing data into the filesystem from queries
  • Inserting values into tables from SQL
  • Delete
  • 应用Demo

 Loading files into tables:


  • 语法:LOAD DATA [LOCAL] INPATH 'filepath' [OVERWRITE] INTO TABLE tablename [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...)]  
  • 示例代码如下:Hive(七):HQL DMLHive(七):HQL DML
    #创建表CREATE TABLE web_log(viewTime INT, userid BIGINT, url STRING, referrer STRING, ip STRING) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t';#导入文件数据LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/usr/zhu/table.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE web_log;

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  • OVERWRITE:
  1. 目标表(或者分区)中的内容(如果有)会被删除,然后再将 filepath 指向的文件/目录中的内容添加到表/分区中
  2. 如果目标表(分区)已经有一个文件,并且文件名和 filepath 中的文件名冲突,那么现有的文件会被新文件所替代

Inserting data into Hive Tables from queries:


  • 语法:INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename1 [PARTITION] select_statement1 FROM from_statement;
             INSERT INTO TABLE tablename1 [PARTITION] select_statement1 FROM from_statement;
  • 示例代码:Hive(七):HQL DMLHive(七):HQL DML
    #创建结构相同的表create table empDemo as employee;#插入数据insert into table empDemo select * from employee;#覆盖插入数据insert overwrite table empDemo select * from employee;

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Writing data into the filesystem from queries:


  • 语法:INSERT OVERWRITE [LOCAL] DIRECTORY directory1 SELECT ... FROM ...
  • 示例代码:Hive(七):HQL DMLHive(七):HQL DML
    INSERT OVERWRITE LOCAL DIRECTORY './tmp/zhu' SELECT * FROM employee;

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Inserting values into tables from SQL:


  • 语法:INSERT INTO TABLE tablename VALUES values_row [, values_row ...]

示例代码:

Hive(七):HQL DMLHive(七):HQL DML
#单行插入insert into table employee values('001','001','tgzhu');#多行插入insert into table employee values('004','004','WangWu'),('005','005','ZhaoZhao');

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Delete:


  • 语法:DELETE FROM tablename [WHERE expression]

应用Demo:


  • 以一个实际的应用Demo对Hive 的 DDL、DML 进行说明,过程如下
  • 创建与HBase关联的外部表,HQL如下:Hive(七):HQL DMLHive(七):HQL DML
    CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE if not exists Hive_CM_EvcRealTimeData(     Rowkey string,     RealTimeData_CarNo string,     RealTimeData_Time string,   RealTimeData_Speed decimal(20,8),   RealTimeData_Mileage decimal(20,8),   RealTimeData_HighestVoltageBatteryOrd int,   RealTimeData_Latitude decimal(20,8),   RealTimeData_Longitude decimal(20,8) ) STORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler' WITH SERDEPROPERTIES('hbase.columns.mapping' = ':key,d:RealTimeData_CarNo, ata_Time,d:RealTimeData_Speed,d:RealTimeData_Mileage,d:RealTimeData_HighestVoltageBatteryOrd,d:RealTimeData_Latitude,d:RealTimeData_Longitude') TBLPROPERTIES('hbase.table.name' = 'CM_EvcRealTimeData')

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  • 创建一个用来保存计算结果的hive实表,如下:
Hive(七):HQL DMLHive(七):HQL DML
CREATE TABLE if not exists Hive_CM_CarDailyRpt(     CarNo    string,     DTime    string,   OnLineCount int,     RunCount   int,    Mileage   decimal(20,8),     MaxSpeed   decimal(20,8),    totalPower  decimal(20,8),   AverageSpeed decimal(20,8),   CDI_BatteryFlag string,   CDI_CoordinatorFlag string   ) STORED AS TEXTFILE

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  •  计算并将结果插入实表,如下:
Hive(七):HQL DMLHive(七):HQL DML
set hive.execution.engine = tez;  Insert overwrite table Hive_CM_CarDailyRpt select   CarNo,DTime,   CONVERT(int,SUM(CT)) as OnLineCount ,   CONVERT(int,SUM(CTSPEED)) as RunCount,   CONVERT(decimal(18,2),MAX(MILE)-MIN(MILE)) as Mileage ,   CONVERT(decimal(18,2),MAX(SPEED)) as MaxSpeed,   ((MAX(MILE)-MIN(MILE))*0.2) as totalPower,   case when SUM(CTSPEED)>0 then CONVERT(decimal(18,2),((MAX(MILE)-MIN(MILE))/SUM(CTSPEED)))   else 0 end as AverageSpeed,      case when SUM(RealTimeData_HighestVoltageBatteryOrd)>0 then '0' else '1' end as BatteryFlag,   case when (SUM(RealTimeData_Latitude) + SUM(RealTimeData_Longitude)) >0 then '0' else '1' end as LatitudeFlag, from   (   SELECT REALTIMEDATA_CARNO AS CARNO,     substring(RealTimeData_Time,1,8) as DTime,     1 AS CT,     CASE WHEN REALTIMEDATA_SPEED>0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS CTSPEED,     CASE WHEN REALTIMEDATA_MILEAGE=0 THEN NULL ELSE REALTIMEDATA_MILEAGE END AS MILE,     CASE WHEN REALTIMEDATA_SPEED>200 then 0 else REALTIMEDATA_SPEED end AS SPEED,     RealTimeData_HighestVoltageBatteryOrd,     RealTimeData_Latitude,RealTimeData_Longitude     FROM CM_EvcRealTimeData   ) t group by CarNo,DTime

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原标题:Hive(七):HQL DML

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