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使用RAML描述API文档信息的一些用法整理

 

RAML是Restful API Modeling Language的缩写,是用来描述API信息的文档。

 

创建一个.raml后缀的文件,用Atom打开。

 

基本用法

 

#%RAML 0.8 title: Book API baseUri: http://api.book.com/{version} version: v1 /users:  /authors:   /{authorname}:  /books:   get:    queryParameters:     author:      displayName: Author      type: string      description: An author's full name      example: Mary      required: false     publicationYear:      displayName: Pub Year      type: number      description: The year released for the first time      example: 1984      required: false     rating:      displayName: Rating      type: number      description: Average rating      required: false     isBn:      displayName: ISBN      type: string      minLength: 10      example: 0321736079   put:    queryParameters:     access_token:      displayName: Access Token      type: string      description: Token giving you permission to make call      required: true   post:   /{bookTitle}:    get:     description: Retrieve a specific book title     responses:      200:       body:        application/json:         example: |          {           "data":{            "id": "SbBGk",            "title": "its the title",            "descritpion": null           },           "success": true,           "status": 200          }    put:    delete:    /author:     get:    /publiser:     get:

 

以上,

● 类型/users:看作是resource,也就是以/开始,:结尾,而且resource是嵌套存在的
● queryParameters描述查询字符串

 

接下来把.raml转换成html格式,有一个开源的项目。

 

→ 参考:https://github.com/raml2html/raml2html
→ 全局安装:npm i -g raml2html
→ .raml文件所在文件夹内打开命令窗口,输入:raml2html example.raml > example.html

 

就是这么个效果:

使用RAML描述API文档信息的一些用法整理

Body Parameters

 

POST请求,通常把参数放到body中传递,在RAML中如何描述呢?

 

在Body中的参数传递有很多方式,需要在Headers下的Content-Type中设置。Content-Type这个key可能的值包括:multipart/form-data, application/json, application/x-www-form-urlencoded等等。

 

1、通过multipart/form-data

 

/file-content: description: The file to be reproduced by the client get:  description: Get the file content  responses:   200:    body:     binary/octet-stream:      example:       !include heybulldog.mp3 post:  description: |    Enters the file content for an existing song entity.    Use the "binary/octet-stream" content type to specify the content from any consumer (excepting web-browsers).    Use the "multipart-form/data" content type to upload a file which content will become the file-content  body:   binary/octet-stream:   multipart/form-data:    formParameters:     file:      description: The file to be uploaded      required: true      type: file

 

以上,

● Content-Type能接受的类型是binary/octet-stream或multipart/form-data
● 对于multipart/form-data类型,键值数据放在了formParameters中
● !include heybulldog.mp3表示把heybulldog.mp3文件引入进来

 

2、通过JSON Shema

 

JSON Shema用来描述JSON格式。

 

为什么需要JSON Schema呢?

 

举个例子:

 

{  "id":1,  "name":"a green door",  "price":12.50,  "tags":["home", "green"]}

 

我们可能会问:

● 什么是id
● name字段必须吗
● price的值可以是0吗
● tags所代表的数组元素是string类型吗?


JSON Schema就是解决这些问题的。

 

{  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",  "title": "Product",  "description": "A product from Acme's catalog",  "type": "object"}

 

以上,

● $schema表示当前JSON Shema所采用的版本
● type字段是必须的,是object类型

 

接着,对id字段约束。

{  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",  "title": "Product",  "description": "A product from Acme's catalog",  "type": "object",  "properties": {    "id": {      "description": "The unique identifier for a product",      "type": "integer"    }  },  "required": ["id"]}

 

对name字段约束。

{  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",  "title": "Product",  "description": "A product from Acme's catalog",  "type": "object",  "properties": {    "id": {      "description": "The unique identifier for a product",      "type": "integer"    },    "name": {      "description": "Name of the product",      "type": "string"    }  },  "required": ["id", "name"]}

 

对price字段约束。

{  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",  "title": "Product",  "description": "A product from Acme's catalog",  "type": "object",  "properties": {    "id": {      "description": "The unique identifier for a product",      "type": "integer"    },    "name": {      "description": "Name of the product",      "type": "string"    },    "price": {      "type": "number",      "minimum": 0,      "exclusiveMinimum": true    }  },  "required": ["id", "name", "price"]}

 

对tags字段约束。

{  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",  "title": "Product",  "description": "A product from Acme's catalog",  "type": "object",  "properties": {    "id": {      "description": "The unique identifier for a product",      "type": "integer"    },    "name": {      "description": "Name of the product",      "type": "string"    },    "price": {      "type": "number",      "minimum": 0,      "exclusiveMinimum": true    },    "tags": {      "type": "array",      "items": {        "type": "string"      },      "minItems": 1,      "uniqueItems": true    }  },  "required": ["id", "name", "price"]}

 


数组如何用JSON Schema描述呢?

 

[  {    "id": 2,    "name": "An ice sculpture",    "price": 12.50,    "tags": ["cold", "ice"],    "dimensions": {      "length": 7.0,      "width": 12.0,      "height": 9.5    },    "warehouseLocation": {      "latitude": -78.75,      "longitude": 20.4    }  },  {    "id": 3,    "name": "A blue mouse",    "price": 25.50,    "dimensions": {      "length": 3.1,      "width": 1.0,      "height": 1.0    },    "warehouseLocation": {      "latitude": 54.4,      "longitude": -32.7    }  }]

 

用JSON Shema描述就是这样:

 

{  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",  "title": "Product set",  "type": "array",  "items": {    "title": "Product",    "type": "object",    "properties": {      "id": {        "description": "The unique identifier for a product",        "type": "number"      },      "name": {        "type": "string"      },      "price": {        "type": "number",        "minimum": 0,        "exclusiveMinimum": true      },      "tags": {        "type": "array",        "items": {          "type": "string"        },        "minItems": 1,        "uniqueItems": true      },      "dimensions": {        "type": "object",        "properties": {          "length": {"type": "number"},          "width": {"type": "number"},          "height": {"type": "number"}        },        "required": ["length", "width", "height"]      },      "warehouseLocation": {        "description": "Coordinates of the warehouse with the product",        "$ref": "http://json-schema.org/geo"      }    },    "required": ["id", "name", "price"]  }}

 

RAML也用到了JSON Shema,就像这样:

body: application/json:  schema: |   {    "type": "object",    "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-03/schema",    "id": "http://jsonschema.net",    "required": true,    "properties": {     "songTitle": {      "type": "string",      "required": true     },     "albumId": {      "type": "string",      "required": true,      "minLength": 36,      "maxLength": 36     }    }   }  example: |   {    "songId": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",    "songTitle": "Get Lucky",    "albumId": "183100e3-0e2b-4404-a716-66104d440550"   }

 

schemas

 

每个资源都有自己的schema,是否可以把所有资源的schema合并到同一个地方呢?

 

RAML提供了schemas字段。

schemas: - song: |  {   "type": "object",   "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-03/schema",   "id": "http://jsonschema.net",   "required": true,   "properties": {    "songTitle": {     "type": "string",     "required": true    },    "albumId": {     "type": "string",     "required": true,     "minLength": 36,     "maxLength": 36    }   }  }

 

按如下引用:

body: application/json:  schema: song  example: |   {    "songId": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",    "songTitle": "Get Lucky",    "albumId": "183100e3-0e2b-4404-a716-66104d440550"   }

 

Resource Types资源类型

 

每个资源通有相似的部分,能否把这些相似的部分提取抽象出来呢?

 

假设有2个资源:/resources和/{resourceId}

#%RAML 0.8title:/resources: get: post: /{resourceId}:  get:  put:  delete:

 

以上,resource大致可以分成针对集合和针对个体的,所以,在RAML中通过resourceTypes对资源进行分类,有这样的表达方式:

resourceTypes: - collection:   get:   post: - collection-item:   get:

 

于是collection类型可以写成这样:

resourceTypes: - collection:   description: Collection of available <<resourcePathName>> in Jukebox.   get:    description: Get a list of <<resourcePathName>>.    responses:     200:      body:       application/json:   post:    description: |     Add a new <<resourcePathName|!singularize>> to Jukebox.    queryParameters:     access_token:      description: "The access token provided by the authentication application"      example: AABBCCDD      required: true      type: string    body:     application/json:      schema: <<resourcePathName|!singularize>>    responses:     200:      body:       application/json:        example: |          { "message": "The <<resourcePathName|!singularize>> has been properly entered" }

 

以上,

● <<resourcePathName>>是占位符,类似表示songs
● 另外<<resourcePath>>是占位符,类似表示/songs
● <<resourcePathName|!singularize>>是占位符,类似表示song

● <<resourcePathName|!pluralize>>是占位符,类似表示songs


然后这样使用:

/songs: type: collection get:  queryParameters:   songTitle:    description: "The title of the song to search (it is case insensitive and doesn't need to match the whole title)"    required: true    minLength: 3    type: string    example: "Get L"  responses:   200:    body:     application/json:      example: |       "songs": [         {          "songId": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",          "songTitle": "Get Lucky"         },         {          "songId": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440111",          "songTitle": "Loose yourself to dance"         },         {          "songId": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440222",          "songTitle": "Gio sorgio by Moroder"         }         ] post:  body:   application/json:     example: |      {       "songId": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",       "songTitle": "Get Lucky",       "albumId": "183100e3-0e2b-4404-a716-66104d440550"      }

 

collection-item类型可以写成这样:

resourceTypes: - collection: ... - collection-item:   description: Entity representing a <<resourcePathName|!singularize>>   get:    description: |     Get the <<resourcePathName|!singularize>>     with <<resourcePathName|!singularize>>Id =     {<<resourcePathName|!singularize>>Id}    responses:     200:      body:       application/json:     404:      body:       application/json:        example: |         {"message": "<<resourcePathName|!singularize>> not found" } 

 

然后这样使用:

/songs: ... /{songId}:  type: collection-item  get:   responses:    200:     body:      application/json:       example: |        {         "songId": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",         "songTitle": "Get Lucky",         "duration": "6:07",         "artist": {          "artistId": "110e8300-e32b-41d4-a716-664400445500"          "artistName": "Daft Punk",          "imageURL": "http://travelhymns.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/random-access-memories1.jpg"         },         "album": {          "albumId": "183100e3-0e2b-4404-a716-66104d440550",          "albumName": "Random Access Memories",          "imageURL": "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a7/Random_Access_Memories.jpg"         }        }

 

以上,
● 在resourceTypes中的谓词get,post等,可以在具体的resource中进行重新定义
● 在resrouce级别,通过type: collection-item或type: collection与resourceTypes对应

 

Parameters

 

以上,resourceTypes字段所代表的是一个对集合和个体类型相同操作的一个封装,在这些操作中,在这些请求响应中,有时需要通过example字段来举例,通常这样写:

example: |  {    ...  }或者example: |[  {    },  {    }]

 

但在RAML中,为我们提供了<<exampleCollection>>和<<exampleItem>>占位符分别表示集合和个体。

resourceTypes: - collection:   description: Collection of available <<resourcePathName>> in Jukebox.   get:    description: Get a list of <<resourcePathName>>.    responses:     200:      body:       application/json:        example: |         <<exampleCollection>>   post:    description: |     Add a new <<resourcePathName|!singularize>> to Jukebox.    queryParameters:     access_token:      description: "The access token provided by the authentication application"      example: AABBCCDD      required: true      type: string    body:     application/json:      schema: <<resourcePathName|!singularize>>      example: |       <<exampleItem>>    responses:     200:      body:       application/json:        example: |         { "message": "The <<resourcePathName|!singularize>> has been properly entered" } - collection-item:   description: Entity representing a <<resourcePathName|!singularize>>   get:    description: |     Get the <<resourcePathName|!singularize>>     with <<resourcePathName|!singularize>>Id =     {<<resourcePathName|!singularize>>Id}    responses:     200:      body:       application/json:        example: |         <<exampleItem>>     404:      body:       application/json:        example: |         {"message": "<<resourcePathName|!singularize>> not found" }

 

在资源resource部分通常这样调用:

/songs:  type:    collection:      exampleCollection: |        [          ...        ]  /{songId}:    type:      collection-item:         exampleItem: |        {          ...        }

 

具体来说,类似这样:

/songs: type:  collection:   exampleCollection: |    [     {      "songId": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",      "songTitle": "Get Lucky"     },     {      "songId": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440111",      "songTitle": "Loose yourself to dance"     },     {      "songId": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440222",      "songTitle": "Gio sorgio by Morodera"     }    ]   exampleItem: |    {     "songId": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",     "songTitle": "Get Lucky",     "albumId": "183100e3-0e2b-4404-a716-66104d440550"    } get:  queryParameters:   songTitle:    description: "The title of the song to search (it is case insensitive and doesn't need to match the whole title)"    required: true    minLength: 3    type: string    example: "Get L" /{songId}:  type:   collection-item:    exampleItem: |     {      "songId": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",      "songTitle": "Get Lucky",      "duration": "6:07",      "artist": {       "artistId": "110e8300-e32b-41d4-a716-664400445500"       "artistName": "Daft Punk",       "imageURL": "http://travelhymns.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/random-access-memories1.jpg"      },      "album": {       "albumId": "183100e3-0e2b-4404-a716-66104d440550",       "albumName": "Random Access Memories",       "imageURL": "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a7/Random_Access_Memories.jpg"      }     }

 

Includes

 

可以把一些example放到单独的文件,然后通过!include关键字来引用这些文件。

 

/songs: type:  collection:   exampleCollection: !include jukebox-include-songs.sample   exampleItem: !include jukebox-include-song-new.sample /{songId}:  type:   collection-item:    exampleItem: !include jukebox-include-song-retrieve.sample

 

traits

 

如何描述查询、排序、分页呢?

 

traits: - searchable:   queryParameters:    query:     description: |      JSON array [{"field1","value1","operator1"},{"field2","value2","operator2"},...,{"fieldN","valueN","operatorN"}] <<description>>     example: |      <<example>>aml       - orderable:   queryParameters:    orderBy:     description: |      Order by field: <<fieldsList>>     type: string     required: false    order:     description: Order     enum: [desc, asc]     default: desc     required: false - pageable:   queryParameters:    offset:     description: Skip over a number of elements by specifying an offset value for the query     type: integer     required: false     example: 20     default: 0    limit:     description: Limit the number of elements on the response     type: integer     required: false     example: 80     default: 10  

 

按如下使用这些trait。

/songs: type:  collection:   exampleCollection: !include jukebox-include-songs.sample   exampleItem: !include jukebox-include-song-new.sample get:  is: [     searchable: {description: "with valid searchable fields: songTitle", example: "[\"songTitle\", \"Get L\", \"like\"]"},     orderable: {fieldsList: "songTitle"},     pageable    ]

 

另外,schema也可以放到单独的文件中,然后通过!include引用。

 

schemas: - song: !include jukebox-include-song.schema - artist: !include jukebox-include-artist.schema - album: !include jukebox-include-album.schema

 

resourceTypes也可以放到单独的文件中:

resourceTypes: !include jukebox-includes-resourceTypes.inc

 




原标题:使用RAML描述API文档信息的一些用法整理

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