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linux原始套接字

一.概述                                                  

以太网的arp数据包结构:

linux原始套接字images/loading.gif' data-original="http://images2015.cnblogs.com/blog/629717/201601/629717-20160127210328395-1386993612.png" />

arp结构op操作参数:1为请求,2为应答。

常用的数据结构如下:

1.物理地址结构位于netpacket/packet.h

 1 struct sockaddr_ll 2 { 3   unsigned short int sll_family; 4   unsigned short int sll_protocol; 5   int sll_ifindex; 6   unsigned short int sll_hatype; 7   unsigned char sll_pkttype; 8   unsigned char sll_halen; 9   unsigned char sll_addr[8];10 };

sll_ifindex是网络(网卡)接口索引,代表从这个接口收发数据包

2.网络(网卡)接口数据结构位于net/if.h

 1 struct ifreq 2 { 3 # define IFHWADDRLEN  6 4 # define IFNAMSIZ  IF_NAMESIZE 5   union 6    { 7   char ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ];  /* Interface name, e.g. "en0". */ 8    } ifr_ifrn; 9 10   union11    {12   struct sockaddr ifru_addr;13   struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;14   struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;15   struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;16   struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;17   short int ifru_flags;18   int ifru_ivalue;19   int ifru_mtu;20   struct ifmap ifru_map;21   char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ];  /* Just fits the size */22   char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];23   __caddr_t ifru_data;24    } ifr_ifru;25 };

该结构里面包含2个union,第一个是接口名,如:eth0,wlan0等。可以通过ioctl()函数来获取对应的接口信息,ip地址,mac地址,接口索引等。

3.以太网首部结构位于net/ethernet.h

1 struct ether_header2 {3  u_int8_t ether_dhost[ETH_ALEN];  /* destination eth addr  */4  u_int8_t ether_shost[ETH_ALEN];  /* source ether addr  */5  u_int16_t ether_type;        /* packet type ID field  */6 } __attribute__ ((__packed__));

ether_type帧类型:常见的有IP,ARP,RARP,都有对应的宏定义。

4.arp包结构位于netinet/if_ether.h

 1 struct  ether_arp { 2   struct  arphdr ea_hdr;    /* fixed-size header */ 3   u_int8_t arp_sha[ETH_ALEN];  /* sender hardware address */ 4   u_int8_t arp_spa[4];    /* sender protocol address */ 5   u_int8_t arp_tha[ETH_ALEN];  /* target hardware address */ 6   u_int8_t arp_tpa[4];    /* target protocol address */ 7 }; 8 #define  arp_hrd  ea_hdr.ar_hrd 9 #define  arp_pro  ea_hdr.ar_pro10 #define  arp_hln  ea_hdr.ar_hln11 #define  arp_pln  ea_hdr.ar_pln12 #define  arp_op  ea_hdr.ar_op

上面的ether_arp结构还包含一个arp首部,位于net/if_arp.h

1 struct arphdr2 {3   unsigned short int ar_hrd;    /* Format of hardware address. */4   unsigned short int ar_pro;    /* Format of protocol address. */5   unsigned char ar_hln;    /* Length of hardware address. */6   unsigned char ar_pln;    /* Length of protocol address. */7   unsigned short int ar_op;    /* ARP opcode (command). */8 }

二.arp请求代码                                      

 1 /** 2  * @file arp_request.c 3 */ 4  5 #include <stdio.h> 6 #include <stdlib.h> 7 #include <string.h> 8 #include <unistd.h> 9 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 10 #include <sys/socket.h> 11 #include <arpa/inet.h> 12 #include <netinet/in.h> 13 #include <netinet/if_ether.h> 14 #include <net/ethernet.h> 15 #include <net/if_arp.h> 16 #include <net/if.h> 17 #include <netpacket/packet.h> 18  19 /* 以太网帧首部长度 */ 20 #define ETHER_HEADER_LEN sizeof(struct ether_header) 21 /* 整个arp结构长度 */ 22 #define ETHER_ARP_LEN sizeof(struct ether_arp) 23 /* 以太网 + 整个arp结构长度 */ 24 #define ETHER_ARP_PACKET_LEN ETHER_HEADER_LEN + ETHER_ARP_LEN 25 /* IP地址长度 */ 26 #define IP_ADDR_LEN 4 27 /* 广播地址 */ 28 #define BROADCAST_ADDR {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff} 29  30 void err_exit(const char *err_msg) 31 { 32   perror(err_msg); 33   exit(1); 34 } 35  36 /* 填充arp包 */ 37 struct ether_arp *fill_arp_packet(const unsigned char *src_mac_addr, const char *src_ip, const char *dst_ip) 38 { 39   struct ether_arp *arp_packet; 40   struct in_addr src_in_addr, dst_in_addr; 41   unsigned char dst_mac_addr[ETH_ALEN] = BROADCAST_ADDR; 42  43   /* 转换成网络字节序 */ 44   inet_pton(AF_.NET, src_ip, &src_in_addr); 45   inet_pton(AF_INET, dst_ip, &dst_in_addr); 46  47   /* 整个arp包 */ 48   arp_packet = (struct ether_arp *)malloc(ETHER_ARP_LEN); 49   arp_packet->arp_hrd = htons(ARPHRD_ETHER); 50   arp_packet->arp_pro = htons(ETHERTYPE_IP); 51   arp_packet->arp_hln = ETH_ALEN; 52   arp_packet->arp_pln = IP_ADDR_LEN; 53   arp_packet->arp_op = htons(ARPOP_REQUEST); 54   memcpy(arp_packet->arp_sha, src_mac_addr, ETH_ALEN); 55   memcpy(arp_packet->arp_tha, dst_mac_addr, ETH_ALEN); 56   memcpy(arp_packet->arp_spa, &src_in_addr, IP_ADDR_LEN); 57   memcpy(arp_packet->arp_tpa, &dst_in_addr, IP_ADDR_LEN); 58  59   return arp_packet; 60 } 61  62 /* arp请求 */ 63 void arp_request(const char *if_name, const char *dst_ip) 64 { 65   struct sockaddr_ll saddr_ll; 66   struct ether_header *eth_header; 67   struct ether_arp *arp_packet; 68   struct ifreq ifr; 69   char buf[ETHER_ARP_PACKET_LEN]; 70   unsigned char src_mac_addr[ETH_ALEN]; 71   unsigned char dst_mac_addr[ETH_ALEN] = BROADCAST_ADDR; 72   char *src_ip; 73   int sock_raw_fd, ret_len, i; 74  75   if ((sock_raw_fd = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ARP))) == -1) 76     err_exit("socket()"); 77  78   bzero(&saddr_ll, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll)); 79   bzero(&ifr, sizeof(struct ifreq)); 80   /* 网卡接口名 */ 81   memcpy(ifr.ifr_name, if_name, strlen(if_name)); 82  83   /* 获取网卡接口索引 */ 84   if (ioctl(sock_raw_fd, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr) == -1) 85     err_exit("ioctl() get ifindex"); 86   saddr_ll.sll_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex; 87   saddr_ll.sll_family = PF_PACKET; 88  89   /* 获取网卡接口IP */ 90   if (ioctl(sock_raw_fd, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr) == -1) 91     err_exit("ioctl() get ip"); 92   src_ip = inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifr.ifr_addr))->sin_addr); 93   printf("local ip:%s\n", src_ip); 94  95   /* 获取网卡接口MAC地址 */ 96   if (ioctl(sock_raw_fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr)) 97     err_exit("ioctl() get mac"); 98   memcpy(src_mac_addr, ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, ETH_ALEN); 99   printf("local mac");100   for (i = 0; i < ETH_ALEN; i++)101     printf(":%02x", src_mac_addr[i]);102   printf("\n");103 104   bzero(buf, ETHER_ARP_PACKET_LEN);105   /* 填充以太首部 */106   eth_header = (struct ether_header *)buf;107   memcpy(eth_header->ether_shost, src_mac_addr, ETH_ALEN);108   memcpy(eth_header->ether_dhost, dst_mac_addr, ETH_ALEN);109   eth_header->ether_type = htons(ETHERTYPE_ARP);110   /* arp包 */111   arp_packet = fill_arp_packet(src_mac_addr, src_ip, dst_ip);112   memcpy(buf + ETHER_HEADER_LEN, arp_packet, ETHER_ARP_LEN);113 114   /* 发送请求 */115   ret_len = sendto(sock_raw_fd, buf, ETHER_ARP_PACKET_LEN, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr_ll, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll));116   if ( ret_len > 0)117     printf("sendto() ok!!!\n");118 119   close(sock_raw_fd);120 }121 122 int main(int argc, const char *argv[])123 {124   if (argc != 3)125   {126     printf("usage:%s device_name dst_ip\n", argv[0]);127     exit(1);128   }129 130   arp_request(argv[1], argv[2]);131   132   return 0;133 }

流程:命令行接收网卡接口名和要请求的目标IP地址,传入arp_request()函数。用PF_PACKET选项创建ARP类型的原始套接字。用ioctl()函数通过网卡接口名来获取该接口对应的mac地址,ip地址,接口索引。接口索引填充到物理地址sockaddr_ll里面。然后填充以太首部,源地址对应刚刚的网卡接口mac地址,目标地址填广播地址(第28行定义的宏)。以太首部帧类型是ETHERTYPE_ARP,代表arp类型。接着填充arp数据包结构,同样要填充源/目标的ip地址和mac地址,arp包的操作选项填写ARPOP_REQUEST,代表请求操作。填充完成后发送到刚刚的物理地址sockaddr_ll。

三.接收arp数据包                                  

 1 /** 2  * @file arp_recv.c 3 */ 4  5 #include <stdio.h> 6 #include <stdlib.h> 7 #include <string.h> 8 #include <unistd.h> 9 #include <sys/socket.h>10 #include <arpa/inet.h>11 #include <netinet/in.h>12 #include <netinet/if_ether.h>13 #include <net/if_arp.h>14 #include <net/ethernet.h>15 16 /* 以太网帧首部长度 */17 #define ETHER_HEADER_LEN sizeof(struct ether_header)18 /* 整个arp结构长度 */19 #define ETHER_ARP_LEN sizeof(struct ether_arp)20 /* 以太网 + 整个arp结构长度 */21 #define ETHER_ARP_PACKET_LEN ETHER_HEADER_LEN + ETHER_ARP_LEN22 /* IP地址长度 */23 #define IP_ADDR_LEN 424 25 void err_exit(const char *err_msg)26 {27   perror(err_msg);28   exit(1);29 }30 31 int main(void)32 {33   struct ether_arp *arp_packet;34   char buf[ETHER_ARP_PACKET_LEN];35   int sock_raw_fd, ret_len, i;36 37   if ((sock_raw_fd = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ARP))) == -1)38     err_exit("socket()");39 40   while (1)41   {42     bzero(buf, ETHER_ARP_PACKET_LEN);43     ret_len = recv(sock_raw_fd, buf, ETHER_ARP_PACKET_LEN, 0);44     if (ret_len > 0)45     {46       /* 剥去以太头部 */47       arp_packet = (struct ether_arp *)(buf + ETHER_HEADER_LEN);48       /* arp操作码为2代表arp应答 */49       if (ntohs(arp_packet->arp_op) == 2)50       {51         printf("==========================arp replay======================\n");52         printf("from ip:");53         for (i = 0; i < IP_ADDR_LEN; i++)54           printf(".%u", arp_packet->arp_spa[i]);55         printf("\nfrom mac");56         for (i = 0; i < ETH_ALEN; i++)57           printf(":%02x", arp_packet->arp_sha[i]);58         printf("\n");59       }60     }61   }62 63   close(sock_raw_fd);64   return 0;65 }

流程:创建ARP类型的原始套接字。直接调用接收函数,会收到网卡接收的arp数据包,判断收到的arp包操作是arp应答,操作码是2。然后剥去以太首部,取出源mac地址和ip地址!!!

四.实验                                                  

为了更直观,我们打开wireshark一起观察,我这里是wlan环境,监听wlan0。原始套接字要以root身份运行,先运行arp_recv,然后运行arp_request发送arp请求:

linux原始套接字

linux原始套接字

wireshark结果:

linux原始套接字

上面可以看到,第一条数据包询问谁是192.168.0.1,然后第二条数据包发送了一个回复,可以看到wireshark里面Opcode:reply(2)。源ip和mac地址跟我们自己的接收程序一样。




原标题:linux原始套接字

关键词:linux

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