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Java性能漫谈-数组复制之System.arraycopy

当我还年幼的时候,我很任性,复制数组也是,写一个for循环,来回倒腾,后来长大了,就发现了System.arraycopy的好处。

为了测试俩者的区别我写了一个简单赋值int[100000]的程序来对比,并且中间使用了nanoTime来计算时间差:

程序如下:

    int[] a = new int[100000];    for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){      a[i] = i;    }        int[] b = new int[100000];        int[] c = new int[100000];    for(int i=0;i<c.length;i++){      c[i] = i;    }        int[] d = new int[100000];        for(int k=0;k<10;k++){      long start1 = System.nanoTime();      for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){        b[i] = a[i];      }      long end1 = System.nanoTime();      System.out.println("end1 - start1 = "+(end1-start1));                  long start2 = System.nanoTime();      System.arraycopy(c, 0, d, 0, 100000);      long end2 = System.nanoTime();      System.out.println("end2 - start2 = "+(end2-start2));            System.out.println();    }

为了避免内存不稳定干扰和运行的偶然性结果,我在一开始的时候把所有空间申明完成,并且只之后循环10次执行,得到如下结果:

end1 - start1 = 366806end2 - start2 = 109154end1 - start1 = 380529end2 - start2 = 79849end1 - start1 = 421422end2 - start2 = 68769end1 - start1 = 344463end2 - start2 = 72020end1 - start1 = 333174end2 - start2 = 77277end1 - start1 = 377335end2 - start2 = 82285end1 - start1 = 370608end2 - start2 = 66937end1 - start1 = 349067end2 - start2 = 86532end1 - start1 = 389974end2 - start2 = 83362end1 - start1 = 347937end2 - start2 = 63638

可以看出,System.arraycopy的性能很不错,为了看看究竟这个底层是如何处理的,我找到openJDK的一些代码留恋了一些:

System.arraycopy是一个native函数,需要看native层的代码:

  public static native void arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos,                    Object dest, int destPos,                    int length);

找到对应的openjdk6-src/hotspot/src/share/vm/prims/jvm.cpp,这里有JVM_ArrayCopy的入口:

JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_ArrayCopy(JNIEnv *env, jclass ignored, jobject src, jint src_pos,                jobject dst, jint dst_pos, jint length)) JVMWrapper("JVM_ArrayCopy"); // Check if we have null pointers if (src == NULL || dst == NULL) {  THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException()); } arrayOop s = arrayOop(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(src)); arrayOop d = arrayOop(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(dst)); assert(s->is_oop(), "JVM_ArrayCopy: src not an oop"); assert(d->is_oop(), "JVM_ArrayCopy: dst not an oop"); // Do copy Klass::cast(s->klass())->copy_array(s, src_pos, d, dst_pos, length, thread);JVM_END

前面的语句都是判断,知道最后的copy_array(s, src_pos, d, dst_pos, length, thread)是真正的copy,进一步看这里,在openjdk6-src/hotspot/src/share/vm/oops/typeArrayKlass.cpp中:

void typeArrayKlass::copy_array(arrayOop s, int src_pos, arrayOop d, int dst_pos, int length, TRAPS) { assert(s->is_typeArray(), "must be type array"); // Check destination if (!d->is_typeArray() || element_type() != typeArrayKlass::cast(d->klass())->element_type()) {  THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayStoreException()); } // Check is all offsets and lengths are non negative if (src_pos < 0 || dst_pos < 0 || length < 0) {  THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException()); } // Check if the ranges are valid if ( (((unsigned int) length + (unsigned int) src_pos) > (unsigned int) s->length())   || (((unsigned int) length + (unsigned int) dst_pos) > (unsigned int) d->length()) ) {  THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException()); } // Check zero copy if (length == 0)  return; // This is an attempt to make the copy_array fast. int l2es = log2_element_size(); int ihs = array_header_in_bytes() / wordSize; char* src = (char*) ((oop*)s + ihs) + ((size_t)src_pos << l2es); char* dst = (char*) ((oop*)d + ihs) + ((size_t)dst_pos << l2es); Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(src, dst, (size_t)length << l2es);//还是在这里处理copy}

这个函数之前的仍然是一堆判断,直到最后一句才是真实的拷贝语句。

在openjdk6-src/hotspot/src/share/vm/utilities/copy.cpp中找到对应的函数:

// Copy bytes; larger units are filled atomically if everything is aligned.void Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(void* from, void* to, size_t size) { address src = (address) from; address dst = (address) to; uintptr_t bits = (uintptr_t) src | (uintptr_t) dst | (uintptr_t) size; // (Note: We could improve performance by ignoring the low bits of size, // and putting a short cleanup loop after each bulk copy loop. // There are plenty of other ways to make this faster also, // and it's a slippery slope. For now, let's keep this code simple // since the simplicity helps clarify the atomicity semantics of // this operation. There are also CPU-specific assembly versions // which may or may not want to include such optimizations.) if (bits % sizeof(jlong) == 0) {  Copy::conjoint_jlongs_atomic((jlong*) src, (jlong*) dst, size / sizeof(jlong)); } else if (bits % sizeof(jint) == 0) {  Copy::conjoint_jints_atomic((jint*) src, (jint*) dst, size / sizeof(jint)); } else if (bits % sizeof(jshort) == 0) {  Copy::conjoint_jshorts_atomic((jshort*) src, (jshort*) dst, size / sizeof(jshort)); } else {  // Not aligned, so no need to be atomic.  Copy::conjoint_jbytes((void*) src, (void*) dst, size); }}

上面的代码展示了选择哪个copy函数,我们选择conjoint_jints_atomic,在openjdk6-src/hotspot/src/share/vm/utilities/copy.hpp进一步查看:

// jints,         conjoint, atomic on each jint static void conjoint_jints_atomic(jint* from, jint* to, size_t count) {  assert_params_ok(from, to, LogBytesPerInt);  pd_conjoint_jints_atomic(from, to, count); }

继续向下查看,在openjdk6-src/hotspot/src/cpu/zero/vm/copy_zero.hpp中:

static void pd_conjoint_jints_atomic(jint* from, jint* to, size_t count) { _Copy_conjoint_jints_atomic(from, to, count);}

继续向下查看,在openjdk6-src/hotspot/src/os_cpu/linux_zero/vm/os_linux_zero.cpp中:

void _Copy_conjoint_jints_atomic(jint* from, jint* to, size_t count) {  if (from > to) {   jint *end = from + count;   while (from < end)    *(to++) = *(from++);  }  else if (from < to) {   jint *end = from;   from += count - 1;   to  += count - 1;   while (from >= end)    *(to--) = *(from--);  } }

可以看到,直接就是内存块赋值的逻辑了,这样避免很多引用来回倒腾的时间,必然就变快了。

 




原标题:Java性能漫谈-数组复制之System.arraycopy

关键词:JAVA

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