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Filter过滤器原理和登录实现

Filter过滤器API
     Servlet过滤器API包含了3个接口,它们都在javax.servlet包中,分别是Filter接口、FilterChain接口和FilterConfig接口。
Filter接口(源码)

public interface Filter {  public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException;  public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException;  public void destroy();}

所有的过滤器都必须实现Filter接口。该接口定义了init,doFilter0,destory()三个方法:
  (1)init(FilterConfig filterConfig)
      在web应用程序启动时,web服务器将根据 web.
  (2)doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)

      doFilter()方法类似于Servlet接口的service()方法。当客户端请求目标资源的时候,容器就会调用与这个目标资源相关联的过滤器的 doFilter()方法。其中参数 request, response 为 web 容器或 Filter 链的上一个 Filter 传递过来的请求和相应对象;参数 chain 为代表当前 Filter 链的对象,在特定的操作完成后,可以在当前 Filter 对象的 doFilter 方法内部需要调用 FilterChain 对象的 chain.doFilter(request,response)方法才能把请求交付给 Filter 链中的下一个 Filter 或者目标 Servlet 程序去处理,也可以直接向客户端返回响应信息,或者利用RequestDispatcher的forward()和include()方法,以及 HttpServletResponse的sendRedirect()方法将请求转向到其他资源。这个方法的请求和响应参数的类型是 ServletRequest和ServletResponse,也就是说,过滤器的使用并不依赖于具体的协议。
 (3)public void destroy()
       在Web容器卸载 Filter 对象之前被调用。该方法在Filter的生命周期中仅执行一次。在这个方法中,可以释放过滤器使用的资源。
FilterChain接口(源码)

public interface FilterChain {  public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException;}

(1)doFilter(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response)
      此方法是由Servlet容器提供给开发者的,用于对资源请求过滤链的依次调用,通过FilterChain调用过滤链中的下一个过滤  器,如果是最后一个过滤器,则下一个就调用目标资源。
FilterConfig接口(源码)  FilterConfig接口检索过滤器名、初始化参数以及活动的Servlet上下文。

public interface FilterConfig { //返回web.  public String getFilterName(); //返回调用者所处的servlet上下文  public ServletContext getServletContext(); //返回过滤器初始化参数值的字符串形式,当参数不存在时,返回nul1.name是初始化参数名  public String getInitParameter(String name); //以Enumeration形式返回过滤器所有初始化参数值,如果没有初始化参数,返回为空  public Enumeration getInitParameterNames();}

 

了解了Filter的基本概念和源码,下面具体使用下Filter过滤器来实现登录过滤。

需求:访问A页面(登录后才能访问的页面)-->未登录-->跳转到登录页面-->登陆成功后,跳转到A页面

自定义HttpFilter

Filter过滤器原理和登录实现Filter过滤器原理和登录实现
import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.Filter;import javax.servlet.FilterChain;import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;/** * HttpFilter */public abstract class HttpFilter implements Filter{  //保存filterConfig对象  private FilterConfig filterConfig;    /**   * 直接返回filterConfig对象   * @return   */  public FilterConfig getFilterConfig() {    return filterConfig;  }    /**   * 不建议子类直接覆盖,若直接失败,将可能导致filterConfig成员变量初始化失败   */  @Override  public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {        this.filterConfig = filterConfig;      init();  }  /**   * 供子类继承的初始化方法,刻通过getFilterConfig()方法获得filterConfig对象   */  private void init() {}  /**   * 原生的doFilter方法,在方法内部把ServletRequest和ServletResponse转化化为了HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse,   * 并调用了doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain filterChain)方法   */  @Override  public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res,      FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;    HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;        doFilter(request, response, filterChain);  }    /**   * 抽象方法,为http请求定制,必须实现的方法   * @param request   * @param response   * @param filterChain   * @throws IOException   * @throws ServletException   */  public abstract void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,      FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException;  @Override  public void destroy() {}}

View Code

web.

  <filter>    <filter-name>commonFilter</filter-name>    <filter-class>com.gcx.emall.Filter.CommonFilter</filter-class>  </filter>  <filter-mapping>    <filter-name>commonFilter</filter-name>    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  </filter-mapping>

登录过滤器CommonFilter

import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.FilterChain;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;public class CommonFilter extends HttpFilter {  private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommonFilter.class);    @Override  public void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request,      HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)      throws IOException, ServletException {    log.info("==============拦截get请求================");    if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getMethod())) {      RequestUtil.saveRequest(request);    }        String requestUri = request.getRequestURI();    String contextPath = request.getContextPath();    String url = requestUri.substring(contextPath.length());    if ("/login".equals(url)) {      filterChain.doFilter(request, response);      return;    } else {      String username = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("user");      if (username == null) {        log.info("被拦截:跳转到login页面!");        request.getRequestDispatcher("/page/index1.jsp").forward(request, response);      } else        filterChain.doFilter(request, response);    }  }}

RequestUtil 保存、获取request并加密请求页面

Filter过滤器原理和登录实现Filter过滤器原理和登录实现
public class RequestUtil {  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RequestUtil.class);  private static final Base64 base64 = new Base64(true);  public static final String LAST_PAGE = "lastPage";//未登录时访问的页面  public static final String REDIRECT_HOME = "/";//未登录时跳转到首页  public static final String LOGIN_HOME = "/index.jsp";//登录成功后进入的页面        /**   * 保存当前请求   */  public static void saveRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {    request.getSession().setAttribute(LAST_PAGE, RequestUtil.hashRequestPage(request));    logger.debug("被拦截的url的sessionID:{}", request.getSession().getId());    logger.debug("save request for {}", request.getRequestURI());  }    /**   * 加密请求页面   * @param request   * @return   */  public static String hashRequestPage(HttpServletRequest request) {    String reqUri = request.getRequestURI();    String query = request.getQueryString();    if (query != null) {      reqUri += "?" + query;    }    String targetPage = null;    try {      targetPage = base64.encodeAsString(reqUri.getBytes("UTF-8"));    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {      //this does not happen    }    return targetPage;  }    /**   * 取出之前保存的请求   * @return   */  public static String retrieveSavedRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {    HttpSession session = request.getSession();    if (session == null) {      return REDIRECT_HOME;    }    String HashedlastPage = (String) session.getAttribute(LAST_PAGE);    if (HashedlastPage == null) {      return LOGIN_HOME;    } else {      return retrieve(HashedlastPage);    }  }  /**   * 解密请求的页面   * @param targetPage   * @return   */  public static String retrieve(String targetPage) {    byte[] decode = base64.decode(targetPage);    try {      String requestUri = new String(decode, "UTF-8");      int i = requestUri.indexOf("/", 1);      return requestUri.substring(i);    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {      //this does not happen      return null;    }  }}

View Code

LoginCOntroller

     @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
     public String testHello( String test) {
         log.info("执行了Hello方法!");
         return "loginSuccess";
     }
@RequestMapping(value = "/login",method = RequestMethod.POST) public String login(HttpServletRequest request,String userName,String password){ log.info("执行了login方法!"); password = DigestUtils.md5Hex(password); User user = userService.findUser(userName,password); if(user!=null){ request.getSession().setAttribute("userId", user.getId()); request.getSession().setAttribute("user", userName); return "redirect:" + RequestUtil.retrieveSavedRequest(request);//跳转至访问页面 }else{ log.info("用户不存在"); request.getSession().setAttribute("message", "用户名不存在,请重新登录"); return "index"; } }

最后需要几个jsp页面login.jsp,index.jsp(首页面,任何人都能访问的),loginSuccess.jsp,还需要在controller中加上一个测试testHello方法用于满足之前说的需求。

注意事项:我们过滤的是所有请求,但对于静态资源css,js,image我们应该不拦截,对其放行。我们可以在web.

  <!-- 不拦截静态文件 -->  <servlet-mapping>    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>    <url-pattern>/js/*</url-pattern>    <url-pattern>/css/*</url-pattern>    <url-pattern>/image/*</url-pattern>    <url-pattern>/fonts/*</url-pattern>  </servlet-mapping>

写在后面:本来想把Filter和SpringMVC的interceptor**一起写总结了,但感觉篇幅有些长打算下篇在介绍。

 




原标题:Filter过滤器原理和登录实现

关键词:登录

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