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【mysql】一条慢查询sql的的分析

这个是我在jobbole.com 上看到的

先给出数据表table结构

mysql> show create table tt \G*************************** 1. row ***************************    Table: ttCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `tt` ( `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` char(16) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `rule_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `status` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '1', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `ttx` (`name`,`rule_id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1176504 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf81 row in set (0.00 sec)





目前数据库中数据大概有2000W条,之后可能还会不断增长,现在想要查询的是:从表中找出相同姓名,相同规则ID,并且status = 1对应的最后一条记录

写个程序随机加入数据

<?phpmysql_connect('10.0.0.234','root','123456');                                                                     mysql_select_db('testdb');mysql_query("set names utf8"); $strs ='';$start = 'insert into tt values ';for($i=0;$i<3000000;$i++){   $k = range(a,z);  shuffle($k);  $str = implode('',$k);  $num = mt_rand(8,16);  $in = substr($str,0,$num);   $strs .= " (NULL,'$in',$num,1),";  if($i%10000 == 0){     echo $i."\n";    $sql = trim($start.$strs,',');    mysql_query($sql);    $strs ='';  }  }

这样300W数据就有了

 

目前的查询语句是这样的

SELECT * FROM tt WHERE id IN (SELECT max(id) AS max_id FROM tt GROUP BY name, rule_id)AND status = 1 





看一下查询计划

mysql> explain SELECT * FROM tt WHERE id IN ( SELECT max(id) AS max_id FROM tt GROUP BY name, rule_id) and status=1;+----+--------------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+| id | select_type    | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows  | Extra    |+----+--------------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+| 1 | PRIMARY      | tt  | ALL  | NULL     | NULL | NULL  | NULL | 1176818 | Using where || 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | tt  | index | NULL     | ttx | 52   | NULL |    1 | Using index |+----+--------------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+

索引用上了,也没有filesort,这是不是就很快了,然后执行查询,就卡主了,卡主了,最后只能被Ctrl+C了

那么这个不行,就换一个,这里我想到了,子查询换成join看一看效果

SELECT a.id,b.name,b.rule_id FROM (select max(id) as id from tt  group by name, rule_id) as a left join tt b on a.id = b.id

看一下查询计划

mysql> explain SELECT a.id,b.name,b.rule_id FROM (select max(id) as id from tt  group by name, rule_id) as a left join tt b on a.id = b.id;+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+-------------+| id | select_type | table   | type  | possible_keys | key   | key_len | ref | rows  | Extra    |+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+-------------+| 1 | PRIMARY   | <derived2> | ALL  | NULL     | NULL  | NULL  | NULL | 1176503 |       || 1 | PRIMARY   | b     | eq_ref | PRIMARY    | PRIMARY | 4    | a.id |    1 |       || 2 | DERIVED   | tt     | index | NULL     | ttx   | 52   | NULL | 1176818 | Using index |+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+-------------+

执行结果  1.77579775 sec

mysql> show profiles;+----------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Query_ID | Duration  | Query                                                             |+----------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+|    6 | 1.77579775 | SELECT a.id,b.name,b.rule_id FROM (select max(id) as id from tt  group by name, rule_id) as a left join tt b on a.id = b.id |+----------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

看一看执行 过程

mysql> show profile for query 6;   +------------------------------+----------+| Status            | Duration |+------------------------------+----------+| Sending data         | 0.000596 || Waiting for query cache lock | 0.000002 || Sending data         | 0.000579 || Waiting for query cache lock | 0.000002 || Sending data         | 0.000534 || Waiting for query cache lock | 0.000002 || Sending data         | 1.101490 || end             | 0.000010 || query end          | 0.000004 || closing tables        | 0.000003 || removing tmp table      | 0.001369 || closing tables        | 0.000010 || freeing items        | 0.000024 || logging slow query      | 0.000002 || logging slow query      | 0.000035 || cleaning up         | 0.000003 |+------------------------------+----------+100 rows in set (0.00 sec)

太多的查询缓存lock,关掉它,再看一下查询结果

mysql> show profile for query 10;  +---------------------------+----------+| Status          | Duration |+---------------------------+----------+| starting         | 0.000154 || checking permissions   | 0.000006 || checking permissions   | 0.000005 || Opening tables      | 0.000124 || System lock        | 0.000122 || optimizing        | 0.000007 || statistics        | 0.000035 || preparing         | 0.000018 || executing         | 0.000012 || Sorting result      | 0.000006 || Sending data       | 0.518897 || converting HEAP to MyISAM | 0.070147 || Sending data       | 0.067123 || init           | 0.000033 || optimizing        | 0.000003 || statistics        | 0.000020 || preparing         | 0.000009 || executing         | 0.000001 || Sending data       | 1.193679 || end            | 0.000011 || query end         | 0.000010 || closing tables      | 0.000002 || removing tmp table    | 0.001491 || closing tables      | 0.000011 || freeing items       | 0.000020 || logging slow query    | 0.000002 || logging slow query    | 0.000050 || cleaning up        | 0.000003 |+---------------------------+----------+

再次分析,我们发现 converting HEAP to MyISAM 这个很耗时

mysql> select @@max_heap_table_size/1024/1024;+---------------------------------+| @@max_heap_table_size/1024/1024 |+---------------------------------+|           16.00000000 |+---------------------------------+mysql> set max_heap_table_size = 16777216*4;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select @@max_heap_table_size/1024/1024;+---------------------------------+| @@max_heap_table_size/1024/1024 |+---------------------------------+|           64.00000000 |+---------------------------------+

再看看执行结果  1.77579775 > 1.68962725 ,还是有效果的

mysql> show profiles;+----------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Query_ID | Duration  | Query                                                             |+----------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+|    17 | 1.68962725 | SELECT a.id,b.name,b.rule_id FROM (select max(id) as id from tt  group by name, rule_id) as a left join tt b on a.id = b.id |+----------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

分析

mysql> show profile for query 17; +----------------------+----------+| Status        | Duration |+----------------------+----------+| starting       | 0.000120 || checking permissions | 0.000004 || checking permissions | 0.000003 || Opening tables    | 0.000106 || System lock     | 0.000113 || optimizing      | 0.000007 || statistics      | 0.000044 || preparing      | 0.000011 || executing      | 0.000006 || Sorting result    | 0.000002 || Sending data     | 0.567858 || init         | 0.000032 || optimizing      | 0.000004 || statistics      | 0.000017 || preparing      | 0.000015 || executing      | 0.000002 || Sending data     | 1.120159 || end         | 0.000011 || query end      | 0.000005 || closing tables    | 0.000002 || removing tmp table  | 0.001020 || closing tables    | 0.000011 || freeing items    | 0.000018 || logging slow query  | 0.000002 || logging slow query  | 0.000056 || cleaning up     | 0.000004 |+----------------------+----------+

好看多了,耗时的地方都在 Sending data 上了,如果硬盘换成PCI-SSD 估计又能提高不少

 

还有没有其他方法呢,当然有,那么换一种写法

先看查询计划

mysql> explain select max(concat_ws(' ',lpad(id,5,' '),status)) as res, name, rule_id from tt group by name, rule_id ;+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------+| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows  | Extra |+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------+| 1 | SIMPLE   | tt  | index | NULL     | ttx | 52   | NULL | 1176818 |    |+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------+

 再看看执行结果

mysql> show profiles;+----------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Query_ID | Duration  | Query                                                             |+----------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+|    22 | 1.82505025 | select max(concat_ws(' ',lpad(id,5,' '),status)) as res, name, rule_id from tt group by name, rule_id             |+----------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

好像更慢了 1.82505025 > 1.68962725

分析一下

mysql> show profile for query 22;+----------------------+----------+| Status        | Duration |+----------------------+----------+| starting       | 0.000157 || checking permissions | 0.000007 || Opening tables    | 0.000019 || System lock     | 0.000020 || init         | 0.000032 || optimizing      | 0.000005 || statistics      | 0.000016 || preparing      | 0.000012 || executing      | 0.000008 || Sorting result    | 0.000003 || Sending data     | 1.824677 || end         | 0.000012 || query end      | 0.000005 || closing tables    | 0.000009 || freeing items    | 0.000016 || logging slow query  | 0.000002 || logging slow query  | 0.000049 || cleaning up     | 0.000004 |+----------------------+----------+

时间基本上都花费在send data了

 

这里说一下,max + group by 完全就是一个坑,如果有多个字段要返回数据不能这样写

select max(id) ,type ,name from table where type=xx group by name

因为group by默认返回第一条记录

 

如果像下面那样写,肯定会遇到坑的

select max(id) as res, name, rule_id from tt group by name, rule_id ;

这样也可以,而且快多了,但是如果有其他字段怎么办

 

这样的语句基本上没有什么可以再优化了,只能换换其他方式了,比如:换SSD+raid10 ,分区/分表/分库+中间件了

 




原标题:【mysql】一条慢查询sql的的分析

关键词:MYSQL

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