一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.
<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.</param-value> </init-param> <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.
<??><beans ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" ="http://www.w3.org/2001/ ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/> <!-- don't handle the static resource --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean></beans>
4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller，如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
@Controller@RequestMapping("/mvc")public class mvcController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(){ return "hello"; }}7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
//match automatically @RequestMapping("/person") public String toPerson(String name,double age){ System.out.println(name+" "+age); return "hello"; }五、自动装箱
1.编写一个Person实体类
package test.SpringMVC.model;public class Person { public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } private String name; private int age; }2.在Controller里编写方法
//boxing automatically @RequestMapping("/person1") public String toPerson(Person p){ System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge()); return "hello"; }六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
//the parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping("/date") public String date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return "hello"; } //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); }七、向前台传递参数
//pass the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping("/show") public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ Person p =new Person(); map.put("p", p); p.setAge(20); p.setName("jayjay"); return "show"; }前台可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax调用
//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax @RequestMapping("/getPerson") public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name); } @RequestMapping("/name") public String sayHello(){ return "name"; }前台用下面的Jquery代码调用
$(function(){ $("#btn").click(function(){ $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); }); });九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
//redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect") public String redirect(){ return "redirect:hello"; }十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
<!-- upload settings --> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property> </bean>
3.方法代码
@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{ MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file"); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+ "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return "hello"; }4.前台form表单
<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="file"><br> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form>
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
@Controller@RequestMapping("/test")public class mvcController1 { @RequestMapping(value="/param") public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id, @RequestParam(value="name")String name){ System.out.println(id+" "+name); return "/hello"; } }十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
@Controller@RequestMapping("/rest")public class RestController { @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("get"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("post"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("put"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("delete"+id); return "/hello"; } }2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.
<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> <filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"> <input type="submit" value="put"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="submit" value="post"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="get"> <input type="submit" value="get"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"> <input type="submit" value="delete"> </form>
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
2.方法代码
@Controller@RequestMapping("/json")public class jsonController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/user") public User get(){ User u = new User(); u.setId(1); u.setName("jayjay"); u.setBirth(new Date()); return u; }}十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常（Controller内）
@ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler"); return mv; } @RequestMapping("/error") public String error(){ int i = 5/0; return "hello"; }2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）
@ControllerAdvicepublic class testControllerAdvice { @ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice"); return mv; }}3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <property name="exceptionMappings"> <props> <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> </props> </property> </bean>
error是出错页面
十五、设置一个自定义**
1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("afterCompletion"); } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("postHandle"); } @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2) throws Exception { System.out.println("preHandle"); return true; }}2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
<!-- interceptor setting --> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/> <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
3.**执行顺序
十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化
1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未选中不用导入)
2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解
public class User { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth;}ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user"> id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br> name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br> birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form:form>
ps:path对应name
4.Controller中代码
@Controller@RequestMapping("/form")public class formController { @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){ if(br.getErrorCount()>0){ return "addUser"; } return "showUser"; } @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String add(Map<String,Object> map){ map.put("user",new User()); return "addUser"; }}ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显
5.错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be emptyPast.user.birth=birth should be a past valueDateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
<!-- configure the locale resource --> <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basename" value="locale"></property> </bean>
6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=账号password=密码
locale.properties中添加
username=user namepassword=password
创建一个locale.jsp
<body> <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message> <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message> </body>
在SpringMVC中配置
<!-- make the jsp page can be visited --> <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>
让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问
最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类
2.User实体类
public class User { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth;}3.UserService类
@Component
public class UserService { public UserService(){ System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n"); } public void save(){ System.out.println("save"); }}
4.UserController
@Controller@RequestMapping("/integrate")public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @RequestMapping("/user") public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){ System.out.println(u); userService.save(); return "hello"; }}5.Spring配置文件
在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.
<??><beans ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" ="http://www.w3.org/2001/ xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd " ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" > <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan> </beans>
在Web.
<!-- configure the springIOC --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.</param-value> </context-param>
6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合
<!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan>
十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图
原标题：史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程
关键词：Spring
我知道了 