Spring学习总结----

一、导入Spring必须的jar包

二、简单示例入门注入一个User

1.编写User实体类

package test.Spring.helloworld;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;public class User {  @Override  public String toString() {    return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";  }  public int getId() {    return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {    this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {    return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  private int id;  private String name;  }

2.编写Spring配置文件，类型为文件名可以自定义

<??><beans ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  ="http://www.w3.org/2001/  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"     >     <bean id="User" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User">    <property name="id" value="1"></property>    <property name="name" value="jayjay"></property>  </bean></beans>

3.利用Spring容器创建托管对象User

    ApplicationContext context =new ClassPath);    User u = (User)context.getBean("User");    System.out.println(u);

三、Bean的配置深入

1.bean引用其他bean

实体类示例：

package test.Spring.helloworld;public class HelloWorld {  public User getUser() {    return user;  }  public void setUser(User user) {    this.user = user;  }  @Override  public String toString() {    return "HelloWorld [name=" + name + ", user=" + user + "]";  }  public String getName() {    return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  private String name;  private User user;    public HelloWorld(){      }    public HelloWorld(String name){    this.name = name;  }}

配置示例：

  <!-- reference other bean -->  <bean id="HelloWorld" class="test.Spring.helloworld.HelloWorld">    <!-- <property name="name" value="spring1"></property> -->    <constructor-arg value="spring2" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>    <property name="user">      <ref bean="User"/>    </property>  </bean>

调用方法依然是根据bean中的id

2.集合bean配置

实体类示例：

package test.Spring.helloworld;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;public class User {  public Map<String, Integer> getMap() {    return map;  }  public void setMap(Map<String, Integer> map) {    this.map = map;  }  public List<String> getList() {    return list;  }  public void setList(List<String> list) {    this.list = list;  }  @Override  public String toString() {    return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", list=" + list        + ", map=" + map + "]";  }  public int getId() {    return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {    this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {    return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  private int id;  private String name;  private List<String> list;  private Map<String,Integer> map;  }

配置示例：

  <!-- Configure the list bean -->  <bean id="testList" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User">    <property name="list">      <list>        <value>list1</value>        <value>list2</value>        <value>list3</value>      </list>    </property>  </bean>    <!-- configure the map -->  <bean id="testMap" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User">    <property name="map">      <map>        <entry key="first" value="1"></entry>        <entry key="second" value="2"></entry>        <entry key="third" value="3"></entry>      </map>    </property>  </bean>

3.Properties类型的bean

实体类示例：

package test.Spring.helloworld;import java.util.Properties;public class DataSource {  @Override  public String toString() {    return "Properties [properties=" + properties + "]";  }  public Properties getProperties() {    return properties;  }  public void setProperties(Properties properties) {    this.properties = properties;  }  private Properties properties;  }

配置示例：

  <!-- configure the properties -->  <bean id="dataSource1" class="test.Spring.helloworld.DataSource">    <property name="properties">      <props>        <prop key="user">root</prop>        <prop key="password">1234</prop>        <prop key="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql:///test</prop>        <prop key="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</prop>      </props>    </property>  </bean>

4.使用Util定义引用其他bean的公共集合

需要先在

<??><beans ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  ="http://www.w3.org/2001/  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd     http://www.springframework.org/schema/util     http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd"    ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"      >  </beans>

集合以及调用的

  <!-- if properties of collection are beans -->  <util:list id="users">    <ref bean="User"/>    <ref bean="User"/>    <ref bean="User"/>  </util:list>    <bean id="Users" class="test.Spring.helloworld.Users">    <property name="list">      <ref bean="users"/>    </property>  </bean>

5.使用p简化bean的属性赋值

首先，导入p的命名空间

实体类实例：
package test.Spring.helloworld;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;public class User {  @Override  public String toString() {    return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";  }  public int getId() {    return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {    this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {    return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  private int id;  private String name;  }

配置示例：
  <!-- use p to write the bean quickly and conveniently -->  <bean id="User1" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User" p:id="2" p:name="jayjay2" />

6.abstract模板bean
设置abstract=true表明此bean是模板bean，为其他bean提供属性值模板
  <!-- template bean -->  <bean abstract="true" id="template" p:id="50" p:name="fromTemplate"></bean>  <bean id="User2" parent="template" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User"></bean>

7.单例bean和原型bean
  <!-- use scope to build singleton/prototype bean -->  <bean id="User3" parent="template" scope="singleton" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User"></bean>  <bean id="User4" parent="template" scope="prototype" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User"></bean>

singleton:此bean为单例，在context创建时已经创建，并且只有一个实例。
prototype:单例需要时创建实例。
8.静态工厂方法配置bean
静态工厂类示例：
package test.Spring.FactoryBean;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;public class StaticFactoryMethod {  public static Map<String,Person> map = new HashMap<String,Person>();    static {    map.put("first", new Person(1,"jayjay1"));    map.put("second", new Person(2,"jayjay2"));  }    public static Person getPerson(String key){    return map.get(key);  }}

配置示例：
  <!-- static factory method -->    <bean id="person" factory-method="getPerson" class="test.Spring.FactoryBean.StaticFactoryMethod">    <constructor-arg value="first" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>  </bean>

9.实例工厂方法配置bean
工厂类示例：
package test.Spring.FactoryBean;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;public class InstanceFactoryMethod {  public static Map<String,Person> map = new HashMap<String,Person>();    static {    map.put("first", new Person(1,"jayjay1"));    map.put("second", new Person(2,"jayjay2"));  }    public Person getPerson(String key){    return map.get(key);  }}

配置示例：
  <!-- instance factory method -->  <bean id="InstanceFactoryMethod" class="test.Spring.FactoryBean.InstanceFactoryMethod"></bean>  <bean id="person1" factory-bean="InstanceFactoryMethod" factory-method="getPerson">    <constructor-arg value="second"></constructor-arg>  </bean>

10.通过实现FactoryBean完成bean的配置
需要对FactoryBean接口的3个方法进行适当重写
PersonFactoryBean类示例：
package test.Spring.FactoryBean;import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;public class PersonFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Person>{    public int getId() {    return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {    this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {    return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  private int id;  private String name;    @Override  public Person getObject() throws Exception {    // TODO Auto-generated method stub    return new Person(id,name);  }  @Override  public Class<?> getObjectType() {    // TODO Auto-generated method stub    return Person.class;  }  @Override  public boolean isSingleton() {    // TODO Auto-generated method stub    return false;  }}

配置示例：
  <!-- use factory bean to get a instance -->  <bean id="person2" class="test.Spring.FactoryBean.PersonFactoryBean">    <property name="id" value="3"></property>    <property name="name" value="FactoryBean"></property>  </bean>

四、通过注解配置bean
加上注解的类会被Spring容器管理
@Component
　　　　标注于通用实体类
@Controller
　　　　标注于Controller/Action
@Service
　　　　标注于Service
@Respository
　　　　标注于RespositoryImpl/DaoImlp
@Autowired
　　　　依据类型自动装配
@Qualifier
　　　　指定自动装载的bean的name
1.在Spring配置文件中导入context命名空间，并加入
<context:component-scan base-package="test.Spring.Annotation"></context:component-scan>

表示Spring将扫描test.Spring.Annotation及其子包中所有java文件，并将带有注解的类加入Spring容器进行管理。
例如：
<??><beans ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  ="http://www.w3.org/2001/  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"     ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context">    <context:component-scan base-package="test.Spring.Annotation"></context:component-scan></beans>

2.模拟三层，并用Spring注解方式注入
项目结构：
Person实体类
package test.Spring.Annotation;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Componentpublic class Person {  @Override  public String toString() {    return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";  }  public int getId() {    return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {    this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {    return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }    private int id;    private String name;}

PersonController
package test.Spring.Annotation.Controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;@Controllerpublic class PersonController {  public void excute(){    System.out.println("PersonController.excute()...");  }}

PersonService
package test.Spring.Annotation.Service;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Servicepublic class PersonService {  public void add(){    System.out.println("PersonService.add()...");  }}

PersonRepository接口
package test.Spring.Annotation.Repository;public interface PersonRepository {  void add();}

PersonRepositoryImpl接口实现类
package test.Spring.Annotation.Repository;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;@Repositorypublic class PersonRepositoryImpl implements PersonRepository {  @Override  public void add() {    System.out.println("PersonRepositoryImpl.add()...");    }}

Main类中测试
package test.Spring.Annotation;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathimport test.Spring.Annotation.Controller.PersonController;import test.Spring.Annotation.Repository.PersonRepository;import test.Spring.Annotation.Service.PersonService;public class Main {  public static void main(String[] args) {    ApplicationContext context =new ClassPath);        //inject the common bean    System.out.println(context.getBean("testAutowired"));        //inject the repository    PersonRepository pr = (PersonRepository)context.getBean("personRepositoryImpl");    pr.add();        //inject the controller    PersonController pc = (PersonController)context.getBean("personController");    pc.excute();        //inject the service    PersonService ps = (PersonService)context.getBean("personService");    ps.add();          }}

3.泛型三层的注入
Spring配置文件
<??><beans ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  ="http://www.w3.org/2001/  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd    "     ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"      >  <context:component-scan base-package="test.Spring.Generic.di"></context:component-scan></beans>

BaseRespository
package test.Spring.Generic.di;public class BaseRepository<T> {    public void save() {    System.out.println("repository.save()...");  }}

PersonRepository
package test.Spring.Generic.di;public interface PersonRespository {  void save();}

PersonRepositoryImpl
继承BaseRepository就不需要再写一次save方法，且同时实现了PersonRepository接口
package test.Spring.Generic.di;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import test.Spring.Annotation.Person;@Repositorypublic class PersonRespositoryImpl extends BaseRepository<Person> implements PersonRespository {}

BaseService对Dao进行自动装配，子类继承后装配的是子类Respository
package test.Spring.Generic.di;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;public class BaseService<T> {    @Autowired  protected BaseRepository<T> baseRespository;    public void save(){    System.out.println("service.save()...");    System.out.println(baseRespository);  }}

PersonService继承了BaseService，就不需要再写实现save方法，定义Repository字段了
package test.Spring.Generic.di;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import test.Spring.Annotation.Person;@Servicepublic class PersonService extends BaseService<Person>{  }

Main类中调用
package test.Spring.Generic.di;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathpublic class Main {  public static void main(String[] args) {    ApplicationContext context =new ClassPath);    PersonService ps = (PersonService)context.getBean("personService");    ps.save();  }}

输出为
第二句说明调用的是继承BaseService的PersonService拿到的Respository是PersonRepositoryImpl，说明泛型注入成功。　　　　
 



原标题：Spring详细教程
关键词：Spring