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ASP.NET MVC中使用Session来保持表单的状态

本篇实践在ASP.NET MVC 4下使用Session来保持表单的状态。

 

本篇的源码在这里: https://github.com/darrenji/KeepFormStateUsingSession

 

ASP.NET MVC中使用Session来保持表单的状态

如上,输入俱乐部名称,点击"添加球员",输入球员名称。我们希望,点击"到别的地方转转"跳转到另外一个视图页,当再次返回的时候能保持表单的状态。

 

点击"到别的地方转转"跳转到另外一个视图页如下:


ASP.NET MVC中使用Session来保持表单的状态

 

再次返回,表单的状态被保持了:


ASP.NET MVC中使用Session来保持表单的状态

 

点击"提交"按钮,显示表单的内容:


ASP.NET MVC中使用Session来保持表单的状态

 

关于球员,对应的Model为:

 

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
namespace MvcApplication1.Models
{
  public class Player
  {
    public int Id { get; set; }
    [Required(ErrorMessage = "必填")]
    [Display(Name = "球员名称")]
    public string Name { get; set; }
  }
}

 

关于俱乐部,对应的Model为:

 

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
namespace MvcApplication1.Models
{
  public class Club
  {
    public Club()
    {
      this.Players = new List<Player>();
    }
    public int Id { get; set; }
    [Required(ErrorMessage = "必填")]
    [Display(Name = "俱乐部名称")]
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public List<Player> Players { get; set; }
  }
}

 

在Home/Index.cshtml强类型视图中,

 

@model MvcApplication1.Models.Club
@{
  ViewBag.Title = "Index";
  Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<h2>Index</h2>
@using (Html.BeginForm("Index", "Home", FormMethod.Post, new {id = "myForm"}))
{
  @Html.LabelFor(m => m.Name)
  @Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.Name)
  @Html.ValidationMessageFor(m => m.Name)
  <br/><br/>
  
  <ul id="players" style="list-style-type: none">
    @if (Model.Players != null)
    {
      foreach (var item in Model.Players)
      {
        Html.RenderAction("NewPlayerRow", "Home", new { player = @item });
      }
      
    }
  </ul>
  <a id="addPlayer" href="javascript:void(0)">添加球员</a>
  
  <br/><br/>
  
  <div>
    <a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gotoOther">到别的地方转转</a> &nbsp;
    <input type="submit" id="up" value="提交" />
  </div>
}
@section scripts
{
  <script src='/images/loading.gif' data-original="~/Scripts/dynamicvalidation.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript">
    $(function () {
      //添加关于Player的新行
      $('#addPlayer').on("click", function() {
        createPlayerRow();
      });
      //到别的页
      $('#gotoOther').on("click", function() {
        if ($('#myForm').valid()) {
          $.ajax({
            cache: false,
            url: '@Url.Action("BeforeGoToMustSave", "Home")',
            type: 'POST',
            dataType: 'json',
            data: $('#myForm').serialize(),
            success: function (data) {
              if (data.msg) {
                window.location.href = '@Url.Action("RealGoTo", "Home")';
              }
            },
            error: function (xhr, status) {
              alert("添加失败,状态码:" + status);
            }
          });
        }
      });
    });
    //添加品牌行
    function createPlayerRow() {
      $.ajax({
        cache: false,
        url: '@Url.Action("NewPlayerRow", "Home")',
        type: "GET",
        data: {},
        success: function (data) {
          $('#players').append(data);
          $.validator.unobtrusive.parseDynamicContent('#players li:last', "#myForm");
        },
        error: function (xhr, status) {
          alert("添加行失败,状态码:" + status);
        }
      });
    }
  </script>
}

 

以上,
○ 点击"添加球员",向控制器发出异步请求,把部分视图li动态加载到ul中
○ 点击"到别的地方转转",向控制器发出异步请求,正是在这时候,在控制器的Action中,实施把表单的状态保存到Session中
○ 点击"提交"按钮,把表单信息显示出来

 

另外,当在页面上点击"添加球员",为了让动态的部分视图能被验证,需要引入dynamicvalidation.js,调用其$.validator.unobtrusive.parseDynamicContent('#players li:last', "#myForm")方法,dynamicvalidation.js具体如下:

 

//对动态生成内容客户端验证
(function ($) {
  $.validator.unobtrusive.parseDynamicContent = function (selector, formSelector) {
    $.validator.unobtrusive.parse(selector);
    var form = $(formSelector);
    var unobtrusiveValidation = form.data('unobtrusiveValidation');
    var validator = form.validate();
    $.each(unobtrusiveValidation.options.rules, function (elname, elrules) {
      if (validator.settings.rules[elname] == undefined) {
        var args = {};
        $.extend(args, elrules);
        args.messages = unobtrusiveValidation.options.messages[elname];
        //edit:use quoted strings for the name selector
        $("[name='" + elname + "']").rules("add", args);
      } else {
        $.each(elrules, function (rulename, data) {
          if (validator.settings.rules[elname][rulename] == undefined) {
            var args = {};
            args[rulename] = data;
            args.messages = unobtrusiveValidation.options.messages[elname][rulename];
            //edit:use quoted strings for the name selector
            $("[name='" + elname + "']").rules("add", args);
          }
        });
      }
    });
  };
})(jQuery);

 

具体原理,请参考"Applying unobtrusive jquery validation to dynamic content in ASP.Net MVC"这篇文章。

 

在HomeController中,

 

  public class HomeController : Controller
  {
    private const string sessionKey = "myFormKey";
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
      Club club = null;
      if (Session[sessionKey] != null)
      {
        club = (Club) Session[sessionKey];
      }
      else
      {
        club = new Club();
      }
      return View(club);
    }
    //提交表单
    [HttpPost]
    public ActionResult Index(Club club)
    {
      if (ModelState.IsValid)
      {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.Append(club.Name);
        if (club.Players != null && club.Players.Count > 0)
        {
          foreach (var item in club.Players)
          {
            sb.AppendFormat("--{0}", item.Name);
          }
        }
        //删除Session
        //Session.Abandon();
        //Session.Clear();
        Session.Remove(sessionKey);
        return Content(sb.ToString());
      }
      else
      {
        return View(club);
      }
    }
    //添加新行
    public ActionResult NewPlayerRow(Player player)
    {
      return PartialView("_NewPlayer", player ?? new Player());
    }
    //跳转之前把表单保存到Session中
    [HttpPost]
    public ActionResult BeforeGoToMustSave(Club club)
    {
      Session[sessionKey] = club;
      return Json(new { msg = true });
    }
    //保存完Club的Session后真正跳转到的页面
    public ActionResult RealGoTo()
    {
      return View();
    }
  }

 

以上,
○ 对于接收[HttpGet]请求的Index方法对应的视图,Session存在就从Session中取出Club实例,否则就创建一个空的club实例
○ 对于接收[HttpPost]请求的Index方法对应的视图,显示表单内容之前把对应的Session删除
○ 添加新行NewPlayerRow方法供显示或添加用,当Player类型参数为null的时候,实际就是点击"添加球员"显示新行
○ BeforeGoToMustSave方法实际是为了在跳转之前保存Session
○ RealGoTo是点击"到别的地方转转"后真正跳转的视图页

 

另外,所有视图页的公共页Layout.cshtml,必须引用异步验证的js。

 

<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
  <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
  @Styles.Render("~/Content/css")
  @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")
  @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryval")
</head>
<body>
  @RenderBody()
  
  @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>

 

Home/_NewPlayer.cshtml部分视图,是在点击"添加球员"之后动态加载的部分视图。

 

@using MvcApplication1.Extension
@model MvcApplication1.Models.Player
<li class="newcarcolorli">
   @using (Html.BeginCollectionItem("Players")) 
   {
    @Html.HiddenFor(model => model.Id)
     <div>
       @Html.LabelFor(m => m.Name)
       @Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.Name)
       @Html.ValidationMessageFor(m => m.Name)
     </div> 
   }
</li>


其中,用到了扩展Extension文件夹下CollectionEditingHtmlExtensions类的扩展方法,如下:

 

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
namespace MvcApplication1.Extension
{
  public static class CollectionEditingHtmlExtensions
  {
    //目标生成如下格式
    //<input autocomplete="off" name="FavouriteMovies.Index" type="hidden" value="6d85a95b-1dee-4175-bfae-73fad6a3763b" />
    //<label>Title</label>
    //<input class="text-box single-line" name="FavouriteMovies[6d85a95b-1dee-4175-bfae-73fad6a3763b].Title" type="text" value="Movie 1" />
    //<span class="field-validation-valid"></span>
    public static IDisposable BeginCollectionItem<TModel>(this HtmlHelper<TModel> html, string collectionName)
    {
      //构建name="FavouriteMovies.Index"
      string collectionIndexFieldName = string.Format("{0}.Index", collectionName);
      //构建Guid字符串
      string itemIndex = GetCollectionItemIndex(collectionIndexFieldName);
      //构建带上集合属性+Guid字符串的前缀
      string collectionItemName = string.Format("{0}[{1}]", collectionName, itemIndex);
      TagBuilder indexField = new TagBuilder("input");
      indexField.MergeAttributes(new Dictionary<string, string>()
      {
        {"name", string.Format("{0}.Index", collectionName)},
        {"value", itemIndex},
        {"type", "hidden"},
        {"autocomplete", "off"}
      });
      html.ViewContext.Writer.WriteLine(indexField.ToString(TagRenderMode.SelfClosing));
      return new CollectionItemNamePrefixScope(html.ViewData.TemplateInfo, collectionItemName);
    }
    private class CollectionItemNamePrefixScope : IDisposable
    {
      private readonly TemplateInfo _templateInfo;
      private readonly string _previousPrfix;
      //通过构造函数,先把TemplateInfo以及TemplateInfo.HtmlFieldPrefix赋值给私有字段变量,并把集合属性名称赋值给TemplateInfo.HtmlFieldPrefix
      public CollectionItemNamePrefixScope(TemplateInfo templateInfo, string collectionItemName)
      {
        this._templateInfo = templateInfo;
        this._previousPrfix = templateInfo.HtmlFieldPrefix;
        templateInfo.HtmlFieldPrefix = collectionItemName;
      }
      public void Dispose()
      {
        _templateInfo.HtmlFieldPrefix = _previousPrfix;
      }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="collectionIndexFieldName">比如,FavouriteMovies.Index</param>
    /// <returns>Guid字符串</returns>
    private static string GetCollectionItemIndex(string collectionIndexFieldName)
    {
      Queue<string> previousIndices = (Queue<string>)HttpContext.Current.Items[collectionIndexFieldName];
      if (previousIndices == null)
      {
        HttpContext.Current.Items[collectionIndexFieldName] = previousIndices = new Queue<string>();
        string previousIndicesValues = HttpContext.Current.Request[collectionIndexFieldName];
        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(previousIndicesValues))
        {
          foreach (string index in previousIndicesValues.Split(','))
          {
            previousIndices.Enqueue(index);
          }
        }
      }
      return previousIndices.Count > 0 ? previousIndices.Dequeue() : Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
    }
  }
}

 

其原理,请参考"MVC批量更新,可验证并解决集合元素不连续控制器接收不完全的问题"这篇文章。


Home/RealGoTo.cshtml视图,是点击"到别的地方转转"后跳转到的页面,仅仅提供了一个跳转到Home/Index视图页的链接。

 

@{
  ViewBag.Title = "RealGoTo";
  Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<h2>RealGoTo</h2>
@Html.ActionLink("回到表单页","Index","Home")

 

就这样。




原标题:ASP.NET MVC中使用Session来保持表单的状态

关键词:ASP.NET

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