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使用canvas进行图像编辑

发布时间:2017-08-29 00:00:23
前面的话  本文将分为几个小功能的形式来详细介绍canvas图像编辑 缩放  下面是一张分析图,假设默认情况下,图片和canvas宽高相同。图片的缩放(scale)范围为0.5到3,缩放时改变的是图片的大小和图片的坐标位置W(宽) = canvas.width * scale ...

使用canvas进行图像编辑

前面的话

  本文将分为几个小功能的形式来详细介绍canvas图像编辑

 

缩放

  下面是一张分析图,假设默认情况下,图片和canvas宽高相同。图片的缩放(scale)范围为0.5到3,缩放时改变的是图片的大小和图片的坐标位置

W(宽) = canvas.width * scaleH(高) = canvas.height * scalex坐标 = (W - canvas.width)/2;y坐标 = (H - canvas.height)/2;

使用canvas进行图像编辑

  因此,代码如下

<canvas id="drawing" style="border:1px solid black"> <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p></canvas><br><input id="scale-range" min="0.5" max="1.5" step="0.01" type="range" style="width:300px;"><script>var drawing = document.getElementById('drawing');if(drawing.getContext){ var context = drawing.getContext('2d'); var slider = document.getElementById('scale-range'); var W = 400; var H = 290; drawing.width = W; drawing.height = H; var image = new Image(); image.src='/images/loading.gif' data-original=""; image.onload = function(){ drawImgByScale(slider.value); slider.onmousemove = function(){  drawImgByScale(slider.value); } } function drawImgByScale(scale){ var imgW = W * scale; var imgH = H * scale; var dx =(W - imgW)/2; var dy =(H - imgH)/2; context.clearRect(0,0,W,H); context.drawImage(image,dx,dy,imgW,imgH); }} </script>

 

水印

  利用canvas可以实现向图片添加水印的功能,先通过file控件的reader选择图片,然后使用canvas添加图片及水印,并且使用toDataURL()和a标签实现添加水印后的图片的下载功能

<canvas id="drawing" style="width:300px;border:1px solid black"> <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p></canvas><div> <span> <input type="file" id="addImgHelper" style="display:none"> <button id="addImg">选择图片</button> </span> <span> <button id="addWaterMark" disabled>添加水印</button>  <span>水印文字为</span> <input id="waterMarkWords" type="text" value="小火柴的蓝色理想">  </span> <span> <button id="downloadImg" disabled>下载图片</button> <a id="downloadImgHelper" href="#" download="带水印图片" style="display:none"></a>  </span></div><script>if(drawing.getContext){ var cxt = drawing.getContext('2d'); var W,H; addImg.onclick = function(){ addImgHelper.click(); } addImgHelper.onchange = function(){ addWaterMark.disabled = true; downloadImg.disabled = true; var file = addImgHelper.files[0]; if(file && /image/.test(file.type)){  var reader = new FileReader();  reader.readAsDataURL(file);  reader.onload = function(){  var img = new Image();  img.src='/images/loading.gif' data-original= reader.result;  img.onload = function(){   addWaterMark.disabled = false;   drawing.width = W = img.width;   drawing.height = H = img.height;   cxt.drawImage(img,0,0);   addWaterMark.onclick = function(){    downloadImg.disabled = false;    cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);    cxt.drawImage(img,0,0);     var str = waterMarkWords.value;    cxt.font = "bold 50px Arial";    cxt.lineWidth = '1';    cxt.fillStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.5)';    cxt.textBaseline = "bottom";    cxt.textAlign = 'end';    cxt.fillText(str,W-10,H-10,W/2);     downloadImg.onclick = function(){    downloadImgHelper.href = drawing.toDataURL('image/png');    downloadImgHelper.click();      }    }   }  }   }    }    }</script>

 

放大镜

  下面来实现一个放大镜的效果,鼠标按下并移动时,显示当前图片区域的放大效果,抬起后效果消失。放大镜效果主要使用离屏canvas的技术,离屏canvas放置的是图片的放大版,而普通canvas则放置图片的正常版

<canvas id="drawing" style="border:1px solid black"> <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p></canvas><canvas id="drawingOff" style="display:none"> <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p></canvas><script>if(drawing.getContext){ var cxt = drawing.getContext('2d'); var cxtOff = drawingOff.getContext('2d'); var W,H; var scale = 1.5; var img = new Image(); img.src='/images/loading.gif' data-original=""; img.onload = function(){ W = img.width; H = img.height; drawing.width = W/scale; drawing.height = H/scale; drawingOff.width = W; drawingOff.height = H; cxt.drawImage(img,0,0,W/scale,H/scale); cxtOff.drawImage(img,0,0); drawing.onmousedown = function(e){  e = e || event;  var x0 = this.offsetLeft;  var y0 = this.offsetTop;  drawMagnifier(e);  drawing.onmousemove = function(e){  drawMagnifier(e);  }  document.onmouseup = function(e){  cxt.clearRect(0,0,W/scale,H/scale);  cxt.drawImage(img,0,0,W/scale,H/scale);  drawing.onmousemove = null;  }    function drawMagnifier(e){  cxt.clearRect(0,0,W/scale,H/scale);  cxt.drawImage(img,0,0,W/scale,H/scale);  var x = (e.clientX-x0);  var y = (e.clientY-y0);    var r = 40;  var dx = x - r;  var dy = y - r;  var sx = x*scale - r;  var sy = y*scale - r;  cxt.save();  cxt.beginPath();  cxt.arc(x,y,r,0,Math.PI*2);  cxt.lineWidth = 4;  cxt.strokeStyle = '#069';  cxt.stroke();  cxt.clip();  cxt.drawImage(drawingOff,sx,sy,2*r,2*r,dx,dy,2*r,2*r);  cxt.restore();    } } } }</script>

  按下鼠标后不松开,即可出现放大镜效果

 

滤镜

  下面利用canvas的getImageData()方法,获取原始图像数据,通过对图像数据进行修改,然后输出修改后的图像数据

<canvas id="drawing1" style="border:1px solid black"> <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p></canvas><canvas id="drawing2" style="border:1px solid black"> <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p></canvas><br><button id="noGreen">无绿色</button><button id="noBlue">无蓝色</button><button id="toGrey">灰度</button><button id="toBlackWhite">黑白</button><button id="reverse">反色</button><script>if(drawing1.getContext){ var cxt1 = drawing1.getContext('2d'); var cxt2 = drawing2.getContext('2d'); var img = new Image(); img.src='/images/loading.gif' data-original="chunfen.jpg"; img.onload = function(){ cxt1.drawImage(img,0,0); function filter(fn){  var imageData = cxt1.getImageData(0,0,img.width,img.height);  cxt2.clearRect(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height);  var data = imageData.data;  for(var i = 0, len = data.length; i < len; i+=4){  fn(data,i)  }  imageData.data = data;  cxt2.putImageData(imageData,0,0);  } function fnNoGreen(data,i){  data[i+1] = 0; } function fnNoBlue(data,i){  data[i+2] = 0; }  function fnReverse(data,i){  var red = data[i];  var green = data[i+1];  var blue = data[i+2];  var alpha = data[i+3];  data[i] = 255 - red;  data[i+1] = 255 - green;  data[i+2] = 255 - blue; }   function fnToGrey(data,i){  var red = data[i];  var green = data[i+1];  var blue = data[i+2];  var alpha = data[i+3];  var average = Math.floor((red+green+blue)/3);  data[i] = data[i+1] = data[i+2] = average;   }  function fnToBlackWhite(data,i){  var red = data[i];  var green = data[i+1];  var blue = data[i+2];  var alpha = data[i+3];  var average = Math.floor((red+green+blue)/3);  if(average > 255/2){  var result = 255;  }else{  var result = 0;  }  data[i] = data[i+1] = data[i+2] = result;   } toGrey.onclick = function(){  filter(fnToGrey); } noGreen.onclick = function(){  filter(fnNoGreen); }  noBlue.onclick = function(){  filter(fnNoBlue); }  toBlackWhite.onclick = function(){  filter(fnToBlackWhite); } reverse.onclick = function(){  filter(fnReverse); } }}</script>

 

马赛克效果

【普通模糊效果】

  普通模糊效果不仅需要使用当前像素点,还需要使用周围的像素点,并把这些像素点都赋予平均值

 function fnToBlur(n){  cxt2.clearRect(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height);  var imageData = cxt1.getImageData(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height);  var tempImageData = imageData;  var data = imageData.data;  var tempData = tempImageData.data;  var blurR = n;  var totalnum = (2*blurR + 1)*(2*blurR + 1);  for(var i = blurR; i < drawing2.height - blurR; i++){  for(var j = blurR; j < drawing2.width - blurR; j++){   var totalr = 0, totalg = 0, totalb = 0;   for(var dx = -blurR; dx <= blurR; dx++){   for(var dy = -blurR; dy <= blurR; dy++){    var x = i + dx;    var y = j + dy;    var p = x*drawing2.width + y;    totalr += tempData[p*4+0];    totalg += tempData[p*4+1];    totalb += tempData[p*4+2];   }   }   var p = i*drawing2.width + j;   data[p*4+0] = totalr / totalnum;   data[p*4+1] = totalg / totalnum;   data[p*4+2] = totalb / totalnum;  }  }  imageData.data = data;  cxt2.putImageData(imageData,0,0);  }

【马赛克效果】

  马赛克效果则是把一块区域的值,全部都赋予平均值

 function fnToMosaic(n){  cxt2.clearRect(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height);  var imageData = cxt1.getImageData(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height);  var tempImageData = imageData;  var data = imageData.data;  var tempData = tempImageData.data;  var size = n;  var totalnum = size*size;  for(var i = 0; i < drawing2.height; i+=size){  for(var j = 0; j < drawing2.width; j+=size){   var totalr = 0, totalg = 0, totalb = 0;   for(var dx = 0; dx < size; dx++){   for(var dy = 0; dy < size; dy++){    var x = i + dx;    var y = j + dy;    var p = x*drawing2.width + y;    totalr += tempData[p*4+0];    totalg += tempData[p*4+1];    totalb += tempData[p*4+2];   }   }   var p = i*drawing2.width + j;   var resr = totalr / totalnum;   var resg = totalg / totalnum;   var resb = totalb / totalnum;   for(var dx = 0; dx < size; dx++){   for(var dy = 0; dy < size; dy++){    var x = i + dx;    var y = j + dy;    var p = x*drawing2.width + y;    data[p*4+0]= resr;    data[p*4+1]= resg;    data[p*4+2]= resb;   }   }  }  }  imageData.data = data;  cxt2.putImageData(imageData,0,0);  } 

  下面是一个实例

<canvas id="drawing1" style="border:1px solid black"> <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p></canvas><canvas id="drawing2" style="border:1px solid black"> <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p></canvas><br><button id="toLightBlur">轻度模糊</button><button id="toHeavyBlur">重度模糊</button><button id="toLightMosaic">轻度马赛克</button><button id="toHeavyMosaic">重度马赛克</button><script>if(drawing1.getContext){ var cxt1 = drawing1.getContext('2d'); var cxt2 = drawing2.getContext('2d'); var img = new Image(); img.src='/images/loading.gif' data-original="chunfen.jpg"; img.onload = function(){ cxt1.drawImage(img,0,0); toLightBlur.onclick = function(){  fnToBlur(1); } toHeavyBlur.onclick = function(){  fnToBlur(3); }  toLightMosaic.onclick = function(){  fnToMosaic(4); }  toHeavyMosaic.onclick = function(){  fnToMosaic(9); }   function fnToBlur(n){  cxt2.clearRect(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height);  var imageData = cxt1.getImageData(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height);  var tempImageData = imageData;  var data = imageData.data;  var tempData = tempImageData.data;  var blurR = n;  var totalnum = (2*blurR + 1)*(2*blurR + 1);  for(var i = blurR; i < drawing2.height - blurR; i++){  for(var j = blurR; j < drawing2.width - blurR; j++){   var totalr = 0, totalg = 0, totalb = 0;   for(var dx = -blurR; dx <= blurR; dx++){   for(var dy = -blurR; dy <= blurR; dy++){    var x = i + dx;    var y = j + dy;    var p = x*drawing2.width + y;    totalr += tempData[p*4+0];    totalg += tempData[p*4+1];    totalb += tempData[p*4+2];   }   }   var p = i*drawing2.width + j;   data[p*4+0] = totalr / totalnum;   data[p*4+1] = totalg / totalnum;   data[p*4+2] = totalb / totalnum;  }  }  imageData.data = data;  cxt2.putImageData(imageData,0,0);  } function fnToMosaic(n){  cxt2.clearRect(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height);  var imageData = cxt1.getImageData(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height);  var tempImageData = imageData;  var data = imageData.data;  var tempData = tempImageData.data;  var size = n;  var totalnum = size*size;  for(var i = 0; i < drawing2.height; i+=size){  for(var j = 0; j < drawing2.width; j+=size){   var totalr = 0, totalg = 0, totalb = 0;   for(var dx = 0; dx < size; dx++){   for(var dy = 0; dy < size; dy++){    var x = i + dx;    var y = j + dy;    var p = x*drawing2.width + y;    totalr += tempData[p*4+0];    totalg += tempData[p*4+1];    totalb += tempData[p*4+2];   }   }   var p = i*drawing2.width + j;   var resr = totalr / totalnum;   var resg = totalg / totalnum;   var resb = totalb / totalnum;   for(var dx = 0; dx < size; dx++){   for(var dy = 0; dy < size; dy++){    var x = i + dx;    var y = j + dy;    var p = x*drawing2.width + y;    data[p*4+0]= resr;    data[p*4+1]= resg;    data[p*4+2]= resb;   }   }  }  }  imageData.data = data;  cxt2.putImageData(imageData,0,0);  }  }}</script>

 

原标题:使用canvas进行图像编辑

关键词:图像

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