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学习ASP.NET Core, 怎能不了解请求处理管道[3]: 自定义一个服务器感受一下管道是如何监听、接收和响应请求的

发布时间:2016-11-16 09:00:08
我们在《服务器在管道中的“龙头”地位》中对ASP.NET Core默认提供的具有跨平台能力的KestrelServer进行了介绍,为了让读者朋友们对管道中的服务器具有更加深刻的认识,接下来我们采用实例演示的形式创建一个自定义的服务器。这个自定义的服务器直接利用HttpListen ...

我们在《服务器在管道中的“龙头”地位》中对get='_blank'>ASP.NET Core默认提供的具有跨平台能力的KestrelServer进行了介绍,为了让读者朋友们对管道中的服务器具有更加深刻的认识,接下来我们采用实例演示的形式创建一个自定义的服务器。这个自定义的服务器直接利用HttpListener来完成针对请求的监听、接收和响应,我们将其命名为HttpListenerServer。在正式介绍HttpListenerServer的设计和实现之前,我们先来显示一下如何将它应用到 一个具体的Web应用中。我们依然采用最简单的Hello World应用来演示针对HttpListenerServer的应用,所以我们在Startup类的Configure方法中编写如下的程序直接响应一个“Hello World”字符串。[本文已经同步到《ASP.NET Core框架揭秘》之中]

  1: public class Startup
  2: {
  3:   public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
  4:   {
  5:     app.Run(async context => await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!"));
  6:   }
  7: }

在作为程序入口的Main方法中,我们直接创建一个WebHostBuilder对象并调用扩展方法UseHttpListener完成针对自定义HttpListenerServer的注册。我们接下来调用UseStartup方法注册上面定义的这个启动类型,然后调用Build方法创建一个WebHost对象,最后调用Run方法运行这个作为宿主的WebHost。

  1: public class Program
  2: {
  3:   public static void Main()
  4:   {
  5:     new WebHostBuilder()
  6:       .UseHttpListener()
  7:       .UseStartup<Startup>()
  8:       .Build()
  9:       .Run();
 10:   }
 11: }
 12:  
 13: public static class WebHostBuilderExtensions
 14: {
 15:   public static IWebHostBuilder UseHttpListener(this IWebHostBuilder builder)
 16:   {
 17:     builder.ConfigureServices(services => services.AddSingleton<IServer, HttpListenerServer>());
 18:     return builder;
 19:   }
 20: }

我们自定义的扩展方法UseHttpListener的逻辑很简单,它只是调用WebHostBuilder的ConfigureServices方法将我们自定义的HttpListenerServer类型以单例模式注册到指定的ServiceCollection上而已。我们直接运行这个程序并利用浏览器访问默认的监听地址(http://localhost:5000),服务端响应的“Hello World”字符串会按照如下图所示的形式显示在浏览器上。

学习ASP.NET Core, 怎能不了解请求处理管道[3]: 自定义一个服务器感受一下管道是如何监听、接收和响应请求的

接下来我们来介绍一下HttpListenerServer的大体涉及。除了HttpListenerServer这个实现了IServer的自定义Server类型之外,我们只定义了一个名为HttpListenerServerFeature的特性类型,图7所示的UML基本上体现了HttpListenerServer的总体设计。

学习ASP.NET Core, 怎能不了解请求处理管道[3]: 自定义一个服务器感受一下管道是如何监听、接收和响应请求的

如果我们利用HttpListener来监听请求,它会为接收到的每次请求创建一个属于自己的上下文,具体来说这是一个类型为HttpListenerContext对象。我们可以利用这个HttpListenerContext对象获取所有与请求相关的信息,针对请求的任何响应也都是利用它完成的。上面这个HttpListenerServerFeature实际上就是对这个作为原始上下文的HttpListenerContext对象的封装,或者说它是管道使用的DefaultHttpContext与这个原始上下文之间沟通的中介。

如下所示的代码片段展示了HttpListenerServerFeature类型的完整定义。简单起见,我们并没有实现上面提到过的所有特性接口,而只是选择性地实现了IHttpRequestFeature和IHttpResponseFeature这两个最为核心的特性接口。它的构造函数除了具有一个类型为HttpListenerContext的参数之外,还具有一个字符串的参数pathBase用来指定请求URL的基地址(对应IHttpRequestFeature的PathBase属性),我们利用它来计算请求URL的相对地址(对应IHttpRequestFeature的Path属性)。IHttpRequestFeature和IHttpResponseFeature中定义的属性都可以直接利用HttpListenerContext对应的成员来实现,这方面并没有什么特别之处。

  1: public class HttpListenerServerFeature : IHttpRequestFeature, IHttpResponseFeature
  2: {
  3:   private readonly HttpListenerContext   httpListenerContext;
  4:   private string              queryString;
  5:   private IHeaderDictionary        requestHeaders;
  6:   private IHeaderDictionary        responseHeaders;
  7:   private string              protocol;
  8:   private readonly string         pathBase;
  9:  
 10:   public HttpListenerServerFeature(HttpListenerContext httpListenerContext, string pathBase)
 11:   {
 12:     this.httpListenerContext   = httpListenerContext;
 13:     this.pathBase         = pathBase;
 14:   }
 15:  
 16:   #region IHttpRequestFeature
 17:  
 18:   Stream IHttpRequestFeature.Body
 19:   {
 20:     get { return httpListenerContext.Request.InputStream; }
 21:     set { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
 22:   }
 23:  
 24:   IHeaderDictionary IHttpRequestFeature.Headers
 25:   {
 26:     get { return requestHeaders ?? (requestHeaders = GetHttpHeaders(httpListenerContext.Request.Headers)); }
 27:     set { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
 28:   }
 29:  
 30:   string IHttpRequestFeature.Method
 31:   {
 32:     get { return httpListenerContext.Request.HttpMethod; }
 33:     set { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
 34:   }
 35:  
 36:   string IHttpRequestFeature.Path
 37:   {
 38:     get { return httpListenerContext.Request.RawUrl.Substring(pathBase.Length);}
 39:     set { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
 40:   }
 41:  
 42:   string IHttpRequestFeature.PathBase
 43:   {
 44:     get { return pathBase; }
 45:     set { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
 46:   }
 47:  
 48:   string IHttpRequestFeature.Protocol
 49:   {
 50:     get{ return protocol ?? (protocol = this.GetProtocol());}
 51:     set { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
 52:   }
 53:  
 54:   string IHttpRequestFeature.QueryString
 55:   {
 56:     Get { return queryString ?? (queryString = this.ResolveQueryString());}
 57:     set { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
 58:   }
 59:  
 60:   string IHttpRequestFeature.Scheme
 61:   {
 62:     get { return httpListenerContext.Request.IsWebSocketRequest ? "https" : "http"; }
 63:     set { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
 64:   }
 65:   #endregion
 66:  
 67:   #region IHttpResponseFeature
 68:   Stream IHttpResponseFeature.Body
 69:   {
 70:     get { return httpListenerContext.Response.OutputStream; }
 71:     set { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
 72:   }
 73:  
 74:   string IHttpResponseFeature.ReasonPhrase
 75:   {
 76:     get { return httpListenerContext.Response.StatusDescription; }
 77:     set { httpListenerContext.Response.StatusDescription = value; }
 78:   }
 79:  
 80:   bool IHttpResponseFeature.HasStarted
 81:   {
 82:     get { return httpListenerContext.Response.SendChunked; }
 83:   }
 84:  
 85:   IHeaderDictionary IHttpResponseFeature.Headers
 86:   {
 87:     get { return responseHeaders ?? (responseHeaders = GetHttpHeaders(httpListenerContext.Response.Headers)); }
 88:     set { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
 89:   }
 90:   int IHttpResponseFeature.StatusCode
 91:   {
 92:     get { return httpListenerContext.Response.StatusCode; }
 93:     set { httpListenerContext.Response.StatusCode = value; }
 94:   }
 95:  
 96:   void IHttpResponseFeature.OnCompleted(Func<object, Task> callback, object state)
 97:   {
 98:     throw new NotImplementedException();
 99:   }
 100:  
 101:   void IHttpResponseFeature.OnStarting(Func<object, Task> callback, object state)
 102:   {
 103:     throw new NotImplementedException();
 104:   }
 105:   #endregion
 106:  
 107:   private string ResolveQueryString()
 108:   {
 109:     string queryString = "";
 110:     var collection = httpListenerContext.Request.QueryString;
 111:     for (int i = 0; i < collection.Count; i++)
 112:     {
 113:       queryString += $"{collection.GetKey(i)}={collection.Get(i)}&";
 114:     }
 115:     return queryString.TrimEnd('&');
 116:   }
 117:  
 118:   private IHeaderDictionary GetHttpHeaders(NameValueCollection headers)
 119:   {
 120:     HeaderDictionary dictionary = new HeaderDictionary();
 121:     foreach (string name in headers.Keys)
 122:     {
 123:       dictionary[name] = new StringValues(headers.GetValues(name));
 124:     }
 125:     return dictionary;
 126:   }
 127:  
 128:   private string GetProtocol()
 129:   {
 130:     HttpListenerRequest request = httpListenerContext.Request;
 131:     Version version = request.ProtocolVersion;
 132:     return string.Format("{0}/{1}.{2}", request.IsWebSocketRequest ? "HTTPS" : "HTTP", version.Major, version.Minor);
 133:   }
 134: }

接下来我们来看看HttpListenerServer的定义。如下面的代码片段所示,用来监听请求的HttpListener在构造函数中被创建,与此同时,我们会创建一个用于获取监听地址的ServerAddressesFeature对象并将其添加到属于自己的特性列表中。当HttpListenerServer随着Start方法的调用而被启动后,它将这个ServerAddressesFeature对象提取出来,然后利用它得到所有的地址并添加到HttpListener的Prefixes属性表示的监听地址列表中。接下来,HttpListener的Start方法被调用,并在一个无限循环中开启请求的监听与接收。

  1: public class HttpListenerServer : IServer
  2: {
  3:   private readonly HttpListener listener;
  4:  
  5:   public IFeatureCollection Features { get; } = new FeatureCollection();
  6:   
  7:   public HttpListenerServer()
  8:   {
  9:     listener = new HttpListener();
 10:     this.Features.Set<IServerAddressesFeature>(new ServerAddressesFeature());
 11:   }
 12:  
 13:   public void Dispose()
 14:   {
 15:     listener.Stop();
 16:   }
 17:  
 18:   public void Start<TContext>(IHttpApplication<TContext> application)
 19:   {
 20:     foreach (string address in this.Features.Get<IServerAddressesFeature>().Addresses)
 21:     {
 22:       listener.Prefixes.Add(address.TrimEnd('/') + "/");
 23:     }
 24:  
 25:     listener.Start();
 26:     while (true)
 27:     {
 28:       HttpListenerContext httpListenerContext = listener.GetContext();
 29:  
 30:       string listenUrl = this.Features.Get<IServerAddressesFeature>().Addresses
 31:       .First(address => httpListenerContext.Request.Url.IsBaseOf(new Uri(address)));
 32:       string pathBase = new Uri(listenUrl).LocalPath.TrimEnd('/') ;
 33:       HttpListenerServerFeature feature = new HttpListenerServerFeature(httpListenerContext, pathBase);
 34:  
 35:       FeatureCollection features = new FeatureCollection();
 36:       features.Set<IHttpRequestFeature>(feature);
 37:       features.Set<IHttpResponseFeature>(feature);
 38:       TContext context = application.CreateContext(features);
 39:  
 40:       application.ProcessRequestAsync(context).ContinueWith(task =>
 41:       {
 42:         httpListenerContext.Response.Close();
 43:         application.DisposeContext(context, task.Exception);
 44:       });
 45:     }
 46:   }
 47: }

HttpListener的GetContext方法以同步的方式监听请求,并利用接收到的请求创建返回的HttpListenerContext对象。我们利用它解析出当前请求的基地址,并进一步创建出描述当前原始上下文的HttpListenerServerFeature。接下来我们将这个对象分别采用特性接口IHttpRequestFeature和IHttpResponseFeature添加到创建的FeatureCollection对象中。然后我们将这个FeatureCollection作为参数调用HttpApplication的CreateContext创建出上下文对象,并将其作为参数调用HttpApplication的ProcessContext方法让注册的中间件来逐个地对请求进行处理。


原标题:学习ASP.NET Core, 怎能不了解请求处理管道[3]: 自定义一个服务器感受一下管道是如何监听、接收和响应请求的

关键词:ASP.NET

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